Jul 25, 2023 |
5 Mins Read
Get to Know the 5 Influential Women Who Revolutionised Science
Various branches of Science have spearheaded the latest advancements we witness in our world. The field of Science is ever-evolving because researchers and scientists work rigorously; churning out compelling developments to ensure that life on Earth thrives in terms of longevity and universally beneficial conditions. While Science evolves, it has not always been the most welcoming field to diversity; even now, women and minorities struggle to break through scientific fields in several parts of the world. While setting foot in a research laboratory in itself is a recognised achievement, this blog highlights the work of 5 influential women who trailblazed their scientific disciplines at a time when their very presence was not accepted in these settings. Katherine Johnson - Mathematician As a pioneering Mathematician, Katherine Johnson was one of the first African American women to work for NASA. Her role at NASA entailed calculating and analysing the flight paths of NASA space crafts. She is best known for generating the revolutionary calculations that enabled the first Americans to launch into the Earth’s orbit and set foot on the moon in 1962. This involved a complex networking system that linked worldwide communications and tracking stations to the IBM computers in Washington. The calculations that ran through the computers were thoroughly analysed and double-checked by Katherine Johnson because the astronauts were wary of trusting machines. In 2015, at the age of 97, Katherine Johnson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by former President Barack Obama in an effort to recognise her pivotal contributions to NASA’s first human space flight. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson - Doctor/Physician Making significant strides in Medicine, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson was the first female doctor in England. She practised Medicine when women were not allowed to, and she spent 6 months at Middlesex Hospital and had to leave when male students began to protest against her on the basis of her gender. However, she received an honours certificate in Chemistry & Material media due to her incredible scores. After applying to several Medical schools and being rejected on grounds of gender, she was finally accepted into the Society of Apothecaries. In early 1865, Elizabeth went on to establish her very own practice. However, the general public was reluctant to be treated by a female doctor so her patients were often poor or female. This changed in late 1865 when the cholera epidemic caused a demand for doctors and the traffic at her practice showed a steady increase. In 1870, Elizabeth found out that the University of Sorbonne in Paris was welcoming female admissions into their medical programmes; this encouraged Elizabeth to learn French and attain her medical degree to become a qualified doctor. Finally, in 1874, she recognised how scarce female doctors were in Britain and how beneficial they were to treating female medical conditions. This led to her co-founding the London School of Medicine for Women which was the first teaching hospital for women. Chein-Shuing Wu - Physicist Nicknamed the “First Lady of Physics'' - Chein-Shuing Wu was a Chinese-American immigrant that grew to be recognised as a pioneer in the field of Physics. She is widely recognised for the Matthan Project which led to the creation and development of nuclear weapons in war research; however, her most notable work is the Wu experiment which proved that identical particles do not always behave and react in the same manner. In 1978, Wu was awarded the inaugural Wolf Prize in Physics for her revolutionary discovery. Rosalind Franklin - Scientist The very photographer of the famous “Photo 51” - Rosalind Franklin is now widely known for discovering the double helix structure of DNA and RNA by utilising X-ray crystallography. While her impact on Science is critical, the credit for discovery was given to James Watson and Francis Crick who were her male colleagues at the time. Due to the lack of recognition, Rosalind Franklin moved on to Birkbeck College and thoroughly studied the molecular structures of viruses, coal and graphite. Her most notable work was on the structure of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus which enabled her to travel the globe and deliver seminars about the coal & virus molecular structure. Marie Curie - Physicist & Chemist Taking the world of Physics & Chemistry by storm, the discoveries and contributions of Marie Curie are invaluable. She conducted crucial research on radioactivity and discovered 2 chemical elements, radium and polonium. Marie also led the first research project on the impact of radiation treatment on tumours, her generous work specialising in cancer research resulted in her spearheading the Curie Institute which was formerly known as the Radium Institute. The establishment is the leading medical research centre in Paris which focuses on cancer research and radiation therapy, now, it has also expanded to cell biology and biophysics. Furthermore, Marie Curie is the first person and only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice and the only person to have won the esteemed award in 2 scientific categories, those being Physics and Chemistry. Read research and breakthrough discoveries from pioneering women in science on Zendy now.
See The Top Reads of June 2023
Our monthly Top Reads series is here! We showcase five intriguing research papers from various disciplines that have significantly contributed to their respective fields. This past June brought about research papers that highlighted breakthroughs and discoveries that have emerged from the world of academia. From the realms of psychology to aerospace, from healthcare to economics, these papers encompass a wide range of topics and offer unique insights into the ever-evolving landscape of research. The Psychology of Money and Public Finance This book consists of the primary papers written by Günter Schmölders, who specialised and pioneered in economic psychology. In the 1950s, Schmölders conducted socio-economic research at the University of Cologne in Germany. The book dives into the financial mindset and responsibilities of a private household and the philosophy of an entrepreneur, while also touching on the psychology of taxation, public finance and macroeconomics. Read more here: The Psychology of Money and Public Finance Software Performance Monitoring: An Approach for Aerospace This journal article proposes the implementation of software applications for aerospace manufacturing firms. The article highlights how critical softwares are for the aerospace industry and proposes a monitoring method based on traditional business intelligence architecture. The researchers also conduct a case study that utilises secondary research and interviews with aerospace professionals. Read more here: Software Performance Monitoring: An Approach for Aerospace Examining the Co-relation Between Academic Performance and Antisocial Behaviour in Teenagers This study profoundly examines the role of schools and the causes of anti-social behaviour by comparing these factors to teenagers’ academic performance. The sample consisted of 127 students aged 13-15 from different schools across the US. The primary data suggested a negative relation between antisocial behaviour and academic performance and finds a significant difference between male and female academic performance regardless of their involvement in anti-social activity and behaviour. Read more here: Examining the Co-relation Between Academic Performance and Antisocial Behaviour in Teenagers Exercise Dose & Diabetes Risk in Overweight and Obese Children This article details an experiment conducted on overweight and obese children to see how aerobics training affected their weight loss journey. This long-term study ran from 2003 to 2007 and tested different doses of aerobics on children across other races and genders. The children were randomly assigned a low or high dose of aerobics or a controlled condition of their usual physical activity. The study found that after 13 weeks, aerobics training improved their fitness. Read more here: Exercise Dose & Diabetes Risk in Overweight and Obese Children Genomics in Healthcare This article discusses how significantly genomic technology has advanced biomedical research. It argues that every medical speciality is affected by genomic advancements while highlighting the positive impact of genomic breakthroughs and several applications across healthcare. Genomics is a branch of biology focused on the structure, function, evolution, mapping and editing of genomes; in the context of healthcare, this allows professionals to identify genetic alterations that could be responsible for inherited or acquired diseases which potentially determines routes of treatment. Read more here: Genomics in Healthcare Discover millions of e-books, journal articles, proceedings and more on Zendy now.
A Guide on How to Effectively Write an Academic Research Paper
Writing research papers is a fundamental aspect of academia that plays a key role in developing and disseminating knowledge accurately. It serves to communicate new findings, ideas, and theories to a broader audience within the scholarly community. Research paper writing is a systematic approach to investigating, analysing, and synthesising information. The importance of research papers lies in their ability to enhance the collective understanding of a subject, generate new insights, and encourage critical thinking and problem-solving skills. In this blog, we venture into the meticulous process and various aspects of research paper writing; from carefully choosing a research topic to overcoming common challenges, this blog is your pocket guide to advancing your research writing skills. Choosing an Appropriate Topic The first step to choosing a research topic is to identify the specialism and subject area that your research would be relevant to and thoroughly study the research that is already available within the field; this will reveal the gaps of research within the subject. There are 2 ways in which the gaps in research can be approached; either by adding new aspects to prevalent topics or moving away from the trending topics and venturing into a lesser-explored part. Working on new research provides the subject with a fresh perspective that can lead to newer advancements than adding to a prevalent topic. However, working on a prevalent topic offers an array of credible citations and previous research. The way your research question is phrased should invoke exploration and inquiry from readers, while also accurately describing the matter that the research paper will be exploring and investigating. Conducting the Research To execute reliable scholarly research there are a number of measures to be taken. From laying the initial research framework to executing primary research, it is beneficial to place careful strategies at every phase of the research process. The following steps break down the recommended research flow. Execute preliminary exploration: Before diving into primary and secondary research, conduct a preliminary exploration of the topic. Familiarize yourself with existing knowledge, theories, and research findings related to your area of interest. Develop a research plan: Create a research plan that outlines how to efficiently gather the required information. Identify the sources you will require (e.g., scholarly articles, books, primary sources) and research methods you will apply (e.g., surveys, experiments, interviews). A well-structured plan will ensure a systematic approach to your research. Utilise credible sources: Rely on credible sources to gather information. Academic journals, databases, books, and reputable websites are excellent starting points. Evaluate the credibility of sources by considering factors such as author expertise, publication date, peer-review process, and the reputation of the publishing platform. Here are some recommended reliable databases: Google Scholar, Zendy, IEEE, EBSCO Take effective notes: As you gather information, take organized and concise notes. Summarize key points, record bibliographic details, and note any relevant concepts or ideas. Properly cite and reference your sources to avoid plagiarism and ensure accurate attribution. Analyze and synthesize information: Once you have collected a substantial amount of data, analyze and synthesize the information to draw meaningful conclusions. Identify patterns, trends, and relationships within the data and critically evaluate the findings in relation to your research question. Identify any gaps in the existing literature that your research could address. Ethical considerations: Adhere to ethical guidelines throughout your research process. Obtain necessary permissions, protect participant confidentiality, and ensure the ethical use of data. Familiarize yourself with the ethical standards set by your institution or discipline and maintain integrity in your research practices. Structuring the Research Paper The structure of the research paper ensures a smooth flow of research. This showcases the author’s thoroughness on the available literature and how their own research affects the trajectory of the subject. Each component of the research paper presents evidence-based explanations of the approaches to the methodology, analysis and literature review sections. The structure is designed to present the transition of the research stages appropriately. A) Title and Abstract The title and abstract page of the research paper is the reader’s first impression. It should be written in a completely objective tone and should allow the reader to accurately skim and gain insight into the gist of the research aims and findings. B) Introduction The introduction section gives the reader a thorough background into your research area. Your topic can be introduced as a broad subject and then narrowed down to your specific research question, this provides the reader with an understanding of your positioning within your field of study. The introduction section has 5 main goals: Introduce the field of study Present and summarise existing literature Establish your approach Describe the problem statement that the paper will investigate Provide an overview of the research paper’s structure Example: The field of Marine Biology gains more traction as debates on marine pollution cause controversy in media outlets (Introduction to field). According to Smith (2022), one of the leading causes of marine pollution is the increase in plastic within the oceans, which leads to habitat destruction. This suggests that human water activities are contributing to the decline in the longevity of marine life (Present and summarize literature). This research paper aims to thoroughly investigate the extent of sea tourism in key regions and establish a comprehensive comparison of the state of the marine life within these regions (Establish approach). Furthermore, this paper highlights the threats that water activities pose to the trajectory of research within marine biology and investigates whether potential safety measures or ceasing human water activities would be more effective in preserving marine life (Description of problem statement). This research paper will present a comprehensive literature review that analyses recent debates, findings and incidents in marine life that have been directly caused by human activities and then highlight the key methodologies utilised to investigate and compare water tourism against the state of marine life in key regions; additionally, the paper consists of a thorough analysis of the findings and proposes safer practices (Structure of research paper). C) Literature Review The literature review is an important component of any research paper, it serves as a thorough analysis and evaluation of the available sources, debates, themes and gaps within the respective field of study. This section is the researcher’s opportunity to discuss and present all the relevant sources to exhibit their own familiarity and positioning on the subject. A well-written literature review depicts and presents a thorough analysis, criticism and identification of on-going debates and studies within the field, this information is not just presented and cited but also dissected. Listed below are a few beneficial questions to cross-check when writing a literature review. Trends: Which theories and methodologies are more referenced and utilised? Themes: What concepts and debates persist across the sources? Debates and conflicts: Where do the sources disagree and why? Critical publications: Any influential theories or studies that changed the direction of the field? Gaps: What is missing from the literature? Are there weaknesses that need to be addressed? It is important to note that within certain disciplines there is an abundance of sources, debates and findings; to conduct an efficient literature review in these cases, the author can simply stick to the specialism or sources that are directly relevant to the research paper rather than approaching it as a broad topic. D) Methodology The research methodology section depicts the data collection and analysis process of the research. In this component of the paper, the researcher has to explain the selected data collection methods and how they are appropriate and efficient for the kind of research that was conducted. This needs to be written in detail specifying the method, sample size, measures taken to ensure objectivity and other relevant variables. The methodology section needs to include the following: The type of research conducted How the data was collected and analysed Any tools or materials the research utilized How research biases were avoided Why these methods were selected This section solves the ‘How?’ and allows readers to evaluate the reliability and credibility of the findings. E) Results & Analysis The findings section in an academic research paper is where the results of the research are presented. Firstly, start by clearly stating the research objectives and hypothesis or research questions that guided your study. Then, present the data and findings in a logical and organized manner, using tables, charts, or graphs if appropriate. Interpret the findings by discussing their implications, relating them to existing literature, and addressing any limitations or potential biases. Finally, conclude the section by summarizing the key findings and their significance in relation to the research objectives. When writing the findings section, ensure clarity and conciseness by using a straightforward and objective writing style. Avoid interpretation or speculation in this section; save that for the discussion section. Use subheadings to divide the findings into sections to ensure easy navigation for readers. F) Discussion The discussion section of the research paper is where the researcher presents an in-depth analysis of the importance, relevance and description of the results. It should focus on the evaluation of the findings and associate back to the literature review and subject area, this section should discuss how the findings support your initial hypothesis. You may include the following in your discussion section: Summary: A brief recap of the key results and research output Interpretations: What do the results mean? Implications: Why do the results matter? Limitations: What can’t the results depict? Recommendations: Slight modifications for further studies to get more accuracy G) Conclusion The conclusion is the last part of the research paper. It should be concise yet engaging, leaving the reader with a thorough recap and understanding of your findings, as well as the answer to the initial research question. Your conclusion should include: The answer to your main research question A summary of the research process Depict any new knowledge you have contributed Wrap up your thesis or dissertation H) References & Citations After the conclusion, the research paper must consist of a reference list. This has to be in alphabetical order and in the correct citation format that the respective institution or discipline follows. The citation list allows readers and researchers to create a framework of knowledge and refer to articles that further support your research and argument, this allows for more educational awareness around your area of research. Proofreading and Editing In the world of academia, accuracy and precision is the core of the dissemination of research. Research papers are read and referenced by researchers globally hence there’s little room for error. The proofreading and editing process within academia is rigorous, everything from the format to the grammar is carefully reviewed repeatedly. Listed below are recommended proofreading practices: Review grammar: Grammatical mistakes are common and often missed, it is crucial to review the placement of grammatical marks while proofreading the content. For example, s small misplacement of a comma can lead to contextual misinterpretations Review Clarity: The academic language is designed to eliminate bias and room for misunderstanding. It is classified as a tone of voice of it’s own to maintain it’s objective and factual nature, to avoid the lack of clarity in research papers; it is recommended to re-read and review all the written content to assess whether it is widely comprehensive. Seek Feedback: A fresh set of eyes on a research paper is always beneficial. Feedback can expose mistakes and misinterpretations that the author could have missed due to rigorously working on the research paper. Writing research papers is a craft that requires thorough attention to detail. Each section of a research paper is tackled and approached in a unique way to ensure the flow of information is smooth. The methodology section ensures the reliability of the research, while the results and analysis section presents the findings in a clear and organized manner. The discussion section provides an in-depth analysis and interpretation of the results, while the conclusion summarizes the key findings and their implications. Proper referencing and citations are essential for acknowledging the contributions of other researchers. Lastly, the proofreading and editing process ensures accuracy and clarity in the final research paper. By following these steps, researchers can effectively contribute to their respective fields, drive progress, and foster academic excellence. Frequently Asked Questions How long should a research paper be? The length of research papers varies greatly depending on the topic. Research papers are in-depth, but it is common to find short research papers ranging between 2,000 and 4,000 words. More comprehensive research papers range between 10,000 to 20,000 words. How do I choose a good research topic? Always choose a topic you have an interest in. When you care about the topic, the research process will be more in-depth and enjoyable. Once you have a broad idea of the topic, you can then narrow down your idea by immersing yourself in reading material. It’s essential to review new and old literature on the same topic to help you understand different perspectives. What are the common mistakes to avoid in research paper writing? Always avoid plagiarism first and foremost, as it will impact your credibility as a researcher and writer, no matter how interesting your idea is. Other common mistakes include grammatical errors, repetition, inconsistent formatting, a weak abstract, and overly complex language. Discover millions of e-books, journal articles, proceedings and more on Zendy now.
Zendy signs Agreement with International Academic Publisher IGI Global
[United Arab Emirates, July] – Zendy, the AI-powered research library, has signed a licensing agreement with leading international academic publisher, IGI Global. With this agreement, IGI Global’s extensive collection of Open Access content, including their fully transformed OA journal portfolio (175+ e-Journals) as well as book content across subject areas including Business & Management; Scientific, Technical, Medical (STM); and Education, will become available to Zendy’s fast-growing user base. By working with publishers, Zendy continues to strengthen its dedication to promoting accessibility and fostering collaboration among the global research community. “We are delighted to partner with IGI Global to enhance the accessibility of open access books and journals through Zendy. This collaboration exemplifies our commitment to breaking down barriers to access knowledge and empowering researchers worldwide. We can create a more inclusive and equitable scholarly ecosystem through collaboration," said Zendy Co-founder Kamran Kardan. Melissa Wagner, Vice President of Editorial for IGI Global, mentions, “Integrating with Zendy supports our mission of equality and accessibility of innovative research for all, which has been at the forefront of our company’s values for over 35 years. This partnership will enable our open access authors to benefit from even wider discoverability, usage, and citations of their work from readers worldwide.” Zendy is dedicated to contributing towards Sustainable Development Goals 4 (Quality Education) and 10 (Reduced Inequalities). By working with publishers to increase accessibility to academic research, Zendy aims to bridge the knowledge gap and promote equitable access to scholarly resources worldwide. For more information about Zendy, please visit www.zendy.io. About Zendy Zendy is a product of Knowledge E. Since its inception in 2019, Zendy has connected over 200,000 users to academic journals, proceedings, articles, e-books, and more. Zendy is on a mission to make academic literature more affordable and accessible for students, researchers, and professionals worldwide. Zendy was awarded Best Startup – Education at the Middle East Technology Excellence Awards 2022. To learn more, visit www.zendy.io. About IGI Global Founded in 1988 and headquartered in Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA with a subsidiary office (IGI Science and Technology, Ltd.) operating out of Beijing, China, IGI Global is a leading medium-sized and independent international academic publisher of scholarly reference sources. They are committed to facilitating the discovery of pioneering scientific research that enhances and expands the body of knowledge available to the research community through traditional and open access publishing workflows. Working in close collaboration with more than 200,000+ expert researchers and professionals from leading institutions, IGI Global publishes quality peer-reviewed content in three major academic subject areas: Business & Management; Scientific, Technical, & Medical (STM), and Education. To learn more, visit www.igi-global.com/about/.
Top Academic Journals in Countries With the Highest Research Output
In the landscape of academia, where breakthroughs and discoveries shape our understanding of the world, scientific academic journals serve as gateways to knowledge. As the pursuit of knowledge intensifies, certain countries have emerged as beacons of research, generating an impressive volume of scientific output. From the bustling laboratories of the United States to the innovative corridors of China, this blog is an exploration of the foremost journals in countries where research thrives, illuminating global scientific collaboration. China Citations of Chinese research escalated significantly in 2020 due to the sequencing of the covid-19 genome, this caused China to overtake the US to become the biggest academic research contributor in the fields of physical sciences, chemistry, earth and environmental sciences. Globally, China is also the biggest research collaborator. Many of the most cited papers are developed in collaboration with international researchers, gaining its 1st rank as the country with the highest research output globally. As of June 2023, the top journal within China is AI Open specializing in computer science and covering important subject areas like artificial intelligence, computer science applications Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, human-computer interaction, and information systems. JournalDisciplineSJRH-IndexAI OpenComputer Science4.72610MycosphereAgricultural & Biological Science3.91834Protein and CellMolecular Biology, Medicine & Pharmaceutics3.36782Engineered RegenerationBiomedical Engineering3.25019Communications in Transportation ResearchEngineering & Social Sciences3.18815Top 5 Academic Journals in China United States of America Following the second world war, the US government excelled in becoming a prominent source of research funding through the National Health Institute and National Science Foundation, including the Departments of Defence, Energy, Agriculture and Education. Through these significant funding opportunities, the US has made several note-worthy contributions to the field of science like laser technology which is now utilised considerably in telecommunications and medical technology. Additionally, the PageRank algorithm's development eventually led to Google's formation. As of June 2023, the top journal in the US is the Cancer Journal for Clinicians. Covering significant research content from the 1950s to 2022, the journal has an impressive h-index score of 198. JournalDisciplineSJRH-IndexCancer Journal for CliniciansHematology & Oncology86.091198CellBiochemistry26.494856New England Journal of MedicineMedicine26.0151130MMWR Recommendations and ReportsEnvironmental & Social Sciences23.962151American Economic ReviewEconomics & Finance21.833337Top 5 Academic Journals in US United Kingdom The United Kingdom is globally ranked 3rd with nearly 200,000 citable publications in just 2020. The nation is home to the world’s most historic universities and colleges originating from the 12th and 13th centuries. The UK’s strong legacy within education is a global benchmark to this day. The country has made significant scientific contributions like the invention of the incandescent light bulb, the unification of electromagnetism, and the discovery of penicillin. The top journal within the UK as of June 2023 is the Quarterly Journal of Economics. The journal covers important economic and financial research studies from 1886 to 2022, gaining an h-index score of 198. JournalDisciplineSJRH-IndexQuarterly Journal of EconomicsEconomics & Finance36.730292Nature Reviews Molecular Cell BiologyBiochemistry & Genetics34.201485Nature MedicineBiochemistry & Medicine24.687605Nature BiotechnologyChemical Engineering & Molecular Biology22.781491Nature Reviews MaterialsEnergy & Materials Science21.927156Top 5 Academic Journals in UK India India has made significant scientific and technological advancements globally, ranking 4th. The country has built satellites and launched probes to the Moon and Mars, established nuclear power stations, revolutionised railway computerisation applications and developed the field of oceanography to ensure optimal utilisation of resources and maintaining marine life. India’s top journal as of June 2023 is Higher Education for the Future. The journal covers aspects of social sciences and education from 2019 to 2022 and has a h-index score 9. JournalDisciplineSJRH-IndexHigher Education for the FutureSocial Sciences & Education2.1079Asian Journal of Social Health & BehaviourMedicine, Psychology & Social Sciences1.90011Hepatology InternationalMedicine1.57758Animal FrontiersVeterinary, Agricultural and Biological Sciences1.16344Global Journal of Flexible Systems ManagementBusiness Management & Accounting1.07240Top 5 Academic Journals in India Germany Germany is home to significant inventors who contributed to the fields of science and technology. Konrad Zuse built the first electronic computer, Johannes Gutenbury invented movable type printing, and Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll invented the first electronic microscope. The top journal in Germany as of June 2023 is the Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. The academic journal covers earth and planetary sciences, physics, astronomy, and housing research from 1989 to 2022 with an h-index score of 74. JournalDisciplineSJRH-IndexAstronomy & Astrophysics ReviewPlanetary Sciences, Physics & Astronomy9.93774Advanced Energy MaterialsEnergy & Materials Science9.044290Electrochemical Energy ReviewsChemical Engineering & Electrochemistry8.90547Nature MetabolismMolecular Biology & Medicine7.04557Publications Mathematiques de l'Institut des Hautes Etudes ScientifiquesMathematics6.58246Top Academic Journals in Germany Concluding the exploration of the best journals in countries with the highest research output, this blog highlighted the remarkable intellectual landscapes around the globe. These countries, with their thriving research environments, contribute to the advancement of science and inspire researchers worldwide to push the boundaries of their respective fields. As the world progresses with significant advancements, it is evident that the best journals in high-output countries will continue to be at the forefront of disseminating groundbreaking research and fostering collaborations that shape the world. table {border-collapse: collapse; width:100%;} th, td {border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 5px;} .wp-element-caption {color: #979798; font-size: 16px;} ol{padding-inline-start: 23px;}