Open Access Week 2023: Interview With Kamran Kardan and Sara Crowley Vigneau
Oct 25, 2023 |
7 Mins Read
Imagine a world driven and progressing through the dissemination of objective research. This is the vision that introduced Open Access week. What begun in 2007 as Open Access day through the partnership of student volunteers and SPARC, has since become a globally recognised movement and event that stands to disseminate quality academic research without paywalls and restrictions so that global societies are free to make informed decisions towards progress; the Open Access movement has also assisted in creating more inclusive and collaborative research communities.
A brief history of open access
While the movement began taking form in the late 2000s, the first few open access journals appeared between the late 80s and early 90s and were disseminated through emails, newsgroups and volunteer labor. Due to this emerging trend, an online repository known as e-prints was founded by American physicist, Paul Ginsparg in 1991. This database was then renamed ArXiv.org in 1999 which encouraged the publishing industry to establish other open access databases like SciELO, BioMed Central, PubMed Central and more.
Zendy’s open access journey
Zendy is one such digital library that was inspired by the Open Access movement. Zendy offers affordable access and open access research content on one platform. Open Access week is significant to Zendy as we stand to create knowledgeable global communities by disseminating quality academic research from leading publishers. Our co-founder, Kamran Kardan says “I have been involved in the Open Access movement since its earliest days. I had also done my thesis around it. Since then, I have been concerned about what triggers the movement. I believe the biggest motivator of the movement is affordability; as access to journals was paid for with taxpayer money, to access research that was also funded through taxpayer money. This overlapping cost drives the movement.”
He went on to express, “Looking at the challenges faced by pirated access and given the vast content that is still paywalled, it leaves room to explore a different business model known as affordable access. It’s not something that’s new, as this is present in the entertainment industry as many of us have Netflix and Spotify subscriptions. Zendy has taken that and applied it to scholarly research.”
The 2023 Open Access Week marks 16 years since its inception. The theme for this year is “community over commercialisation” which encourages open conversation around open access initiatives that serve communities and those that engage in commercialising academia, essentially this year's theme places open access initiatives under a microscope. It also sets out to highlight the importance of freely available scholarly materials to teachers, researchers, and lifelong learners. Open access week provides academics with the perfect opportunity to learn of and spread open access initiatives to help widen the conversation and normalise open access alternatives across the world of publishing.
Driving change with the SDGs
The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) place great emphasis on the open access movement. Opening academic research to the wider public not only helps individuals make informed decisions but also contributes to creating more inclusive scientific communities while accelerating global collaboration on interdisciplinary research. Broadening opportunities in education and increasing global literacy rates directly supports SDG-4 (Ensuring Quality Education).
Zendy’s Partnerships Relations Manager, Sara Crowley Vigneau says, “Open access reduces inequalities in access to content that is directly relevant to the SDGs, promoting a more equitable and inclusive publishing system. From the start of 2023, Zendy’s readership has seen an increase of professionals outside of academia and essentially, this is what open access does, it increases the societal relevance of academic research.”
She went on to express, “The role of open access in supporting the SDGs is to broaden scientific and policy related conversations by ensuring researchers from all regions can contribute to research regardless of funding. This also opens the door to academic research being published in local languages, thereby eliminating language barriers and allowing for research to be region-specific to increase its relevance rather than just following the leading, benchmark research from developed regions.”
As we observe Open Access week in 2023, it is imperative to recognise the collaborative progress made by the ecosystem of open access stakeholders, including researchers, institutions, publishers, and providers. Publishing open access benefits readers and researchers alike, as it increases the visibility of research. While there is still significant progress to be made, the world of academia has seen an influx of initiatives to empower research communities and create stronger and more inclusive collaborative ecosystems.
Discover millions of open access research papers across an array of disciplines on Zendy now.
The Importance of Expert Academic Proofreading Services for a Successful Research
When it comes to academic writing, creating a top-notch paper or thesis involves more than just doing solid research and making strong arguments. One of the most important steps to make your work shine is to use professional proofreading services to edit for correct spelling, grammar, and language use. These final touches can make a big difference in how professional your study looks and can play a key role in helping you get the best grades possible. What is Proofreading Proofreading is the art of reviewing and examining written text in a language to detect and identify errors while ensuring its linguistic, grammatical, and spelling accuracy. Proofreading services is considered one of the most challenging tasks in English language and academic research, as it requires a high level of linguistic ability and knowledge. Those working in this field must be highly proficient in English and well-versed in all its details. Why Proofreading Matters For Researchers? Proofreading goes beyond spotting typos—it's about polishing your writing to make sure it's clear, coherent, and precise. Even the smartest ideas can lose their punch if they come with spelling mistakes, grammar slip-ups, or clunky wording. A study that's been checked over by a professional proofreader not only boosts your standing as a researcher but also makes sure your message gets across. Proofreading Vs. Editing Proofreading involves checking for surface-level errors and ensuring the document adheres to standard language rules. On the other hand, editing improves overall text quality, clarifies expressions, removes errors and inconsistencies, and enhances language to fit the text's purpose. It focuses on maximizing the impact and effectiveness of the writing. ProofreadingEditingLanguage formatting forconsistencyImproves any language issues, in accordance with the purpose of the textWriting improvementImproves any language issues, in accordance with the purpose of the textGrammar, spelling and typingmistakes eliminationClarification of expressionsEnsures a document is ready for publicationRemoval of errors and inconsistenciesCheaper than editingMaximization of the impact of discourse, particularlyon objectivity and assertiveness Is AI Good for Proofreading? According to Vappingo, AI proofreading tools are convenient, but they also come with serious risks. Plagiarism by chance is a major problem when e.g. ChatGPT suggests changes that lead to text being already published, putting your academic integrity at risk. Among the drawbacks of AI proofreading tools, they cannot understand the context naturally and this can lead to errors that conflict with the intended message. Moreover, although AI proofreading tools are being developed, it is not yet accurate, Therefore, human proofreading services remain the main to make sure that the paper is accurate and can be trusted. Well Known Expert Editing and Proofreading Services You can compare service prices between different websites before making a choice. Service prices vary based on the level of proofreading required, the length of the text to be proofread, and the delivery time. KnE Manuscript KnE Manuscript, based in Dubai, For US$ 88.00, you can get comprehensive expert editing with flexible turnaround times: 2 days (for up to 6000 words), 3 days, or 6 days. Additionally, a 10-day turnaround option includes expert pre-submission scientific review and assistance with peer assessment and journal selection, as well as free re-editing if you are unsatisfied. Editage Based in New Jersey, Editage offers editing services starting at $100 for 1,000 words and a 7-day delivery time. They have different editing levels to choose from: Standard, Advanced, and Premium. These options cover everything from simple language fixes to deep changes in structure and formatting to prepare your research for journals Enago Enago’s offers start at $174 for 3000 with a 6-day turnaround, including a comprehensive review of your manuscript by professional editors, who will enhance the clarity, coherence, and overall quality of your writing. Enago’s services start at just $174 for a 3,000-word manuscript with a 6-day turnaround. This includes a comprehensive review by expert editors who will enhance the clarity, coherence, and overall quality of your writing How Long Do Proofreading Services Take? The amount of time needed for proofreading will differ greatly depending on several factors, including the length and complexity of the text, the level of editing required, and the proofreader's availability. The proofreading of short documents, such as essays or articles, for example, might take a couple of hours to a few days to complete. For large documents, such as research papers, dissertations, or books. On the other hand, proofreading might take many days to a couple of weeks to finish. In somewhat of a related context, a proofreader offering urgent or rush service can often make the proofreading faster, but the cost to proofread the document may be higher than normal. Ultimately, the precise time frame will depend on the project specifications and the workload of the proofreader. Additionally, you can use Zendy to make your literature review and referencing easier. Zendy provides easy access to over 39M research publications in 64+ languages. With many features like ZAIA - AI Assistant for Researchers and AI Summarisation tool, in addition to Key Phrase Highlighting feature, you can easily manage your research papers. This helps you find relevant sources and speed up your research project. By doing this groundwork, you can ensure your papers have solid support before you start to proofread. Find out more, visit zendy.io, and utilise ZAIA - AI Research Assistant to help you with your next research project. In conclusion Professional editing and proofreading services ensure your academic content is flawless and polished for submission. That’s why it’s important to seek professional proofreading services by experts. Whether you are writing research papers, scientific studies, books, academic theses, or literary pieces.
Qualitative VS. Quantitative Research: How To Use Appropriately and Depict Research Results
What is qualitative and quantitative research? Before a researcher begins their research, they would need to establish whether their research results will be quantitative or qualitative. Qualitative research observes any subjective matter that can’t be measured with numbers or units, usually answering the questions “how” or “why”. This type of data is usually derived from exploratory sources like, journal entries, semi-structured interviews, videos, and photographs. On the other hand, quantitative research is numeric and objective, which usually answers the questions “when” or “where”. This data is derived from controlled environments like surveys, structured interviews, and traditional experimental designs. Quantitative data is meant to find objective information. What are the main differences between qualitative and quantitative research? The main factor of differentiation between qualitative and quantitative data are the sources that the data is gathered from, as this effects the format of the results. Sources of Qualitative DataSources of Quantitative DataParticipants’ recollection of eventsPolls, surveys and experimentsFocus groupsDatabases of records and informationObserving ethnographic studiesAnalysis of other research to identify patternsSemi-structured interviewsQuestionnaires with close-ended questionsQuestionnaires with open-ended questionsStructured Interviews When to use qualitative and quantitative research? When conducting a study, knowing how the results will be depicted drive the methodology and overall approach to the study. To understand whether qualitative or quantitative research results are best suited for your current project, we take a deeper dive at the several advantages and disadvantages of each. Qualitative research Advantages: Allows researchers to understand “human experience” that cannot be quantified Has fewer limitations, out-of-the-box answers, opinions and beliefs are included in data gathering and analysis Researchers can utilise personal instinct and subjective experience to identify and extract information Easier to derive and conduct as researchers can adapt to any changes to optimise results Disadvantages: Responses can be biased, as participants may opt for answers that are desirable. Qualitative studies usually have small sample sizes, this impacts the reliability of the study as it cannot be generalised to certain demographics. Researchers and other’s who read the study can have interpretation bias as the information is subjective and open to interpretation Quantitative research Advantages: Usually observes a large sample, ensuring a broad percentage is taken into consideration and reflected Produces precise results that can be widely interpreted Minimises any research bias through the collection and representation of objective information Data driven research method that depicts effectiveness, comparisons and further analysis. Disadvantages: Does not derive “meaningful” and in-depth responses, only precise figures are included in findings Quantitative studies are expensive to conduct as they require a large sample When designing a quantitative study, it is important to pay extra attention to all factors within the study, as a small fault can largely impact all results. How to effectively analyse qualitative and quantitative data? Since the data collection method for qualitative and quantitative studies are different, so is the analysis and organisation of the gathered information. In this section, we dive into a step-by-step guide to effectively analyse both types of data and information to derive accurate findings and results. Analysing qualitative data Types of qualitative data analysis Content analysisIdentifies patterns derived from text. This is done by categorising information into themes, concepts and keywords.Narrative analysisObserves the manner in which people tell stories and the specific language they use to describe their narrative experience.Discourse analysisUsed to understand political, cultural and power dynamics. This methos specifically focuses on the manner in which individuals express themselves in social contexts.Thematic analysisThis method is used to understand the meaning behind the words participants use. This can be deduced by observing repeated themes in text.Grounded theoryMostly used when very little information is known about a case or phenomenon. The grounded theory is an “origin” theory and other cases and experiences are examined in comparison to the grounded theory. Steps to analyse qualitative data Once your data has been collected, it is important to code and categorise the information to easily identify the source. After organising the information, you will need to correlate the information logically and derive valuable insights. Once the correlations are solid, you will need to choose how to depict the information. In qualitative data, researchers usually provide transcripts from interviews and visual evidence from various sources. Analysing quantitative data Types of quantitative data analysis Descriptive analysisThis method focuses on summarising the collected data and describing its attributes. This is when mean, median, mode, frequency or distribution is calculated.Inferential analysisThis method allows researchers to draw conclusions from the gathered statistics. It allows researchers to analyse the relationship between variables and make predictions; this includes cross-tabulation, t-tests and factor analysis. Steps to analyse quantitative data Once the data has been collected, you will need to “clean” the data. This essentially means that you’ll need to observe any duplications, errors or omissions and remove them. This ensures the data is accurate and clear before analysis. You will now need to decide whether you will analyse the data using descriptive or inferential analysis, depending on the gathered data set and the findings you’d like to depict. Now, you’ll need to visualise the data using charts and graphs to easily communicate the information in your research paper. Conduct your research on Zendy todayThis blog thoroughly covered qualitative and quantitative data and took you through how to analyse, depict and utilise each type appropriately. Continue your research into different types of studies on Zendy today, search and read through millions of studies, research and experiments now.
What is a DOI? Strengths, Limitations & Components
DOI is short for Digital Object Identifier. It is a unique alphanumeric sequence assigned to digital objects, it is used to identify intellectual property on the internet. DOI’s are usually assigned to scholarly articles, datasets, books, videos and even pieces of software. Understanding DOI's The digital object identifier is a unique number made up of a prefix and suffix, segregated by a forward slash. For example: 10.1000/182 The sequence always begins with a 10. The prefix is a unique 4 or more digit number assigned to establishments and the suffix is assigned by publisher as it is designed to be flexible with publisher identification standards. Where can I find a DOI? In most scholarly articles, the DOI should be on the cover page. If the DOI isn't included in the article, you may search for it on CrossRef.org by using the "Search Metadata" function. How can I use the digital object identifier to find the article it refers to? If the DOI starts with http:// or https://, pasting it on your web browder will help you locate the article. You can turn any DOI starting with 10 into a URL by adding http://doi.org/ before the DOI. For example, 10.3352/jeehp.2013.10.3 becomes https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2013.10.3 If you're off campus when you do this, you'll need to use this URL prefix in front of the DOI to gain access to UIC's full text journal subscriptions: https://proxy.cc.uic.edu/login?url=https://doi.org/ . For example: https://proxy.cc.uic.edu/login?url=http://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2013.10.3 Strengths of Digital Object Identifier Permanent identification: Digital object identifier provides a permanent link to digital content, making sure it remains accessible even if URL or metadata is updated. Citations: It uniquely identifies research papers, which facilitates accurate referencing and citing. Interoperability: DOIs are widely recognized as they can be utilised across different platforms, databases and systems. Tracking and metrics: DOIs provide key information like publication date, authors, keywords and more. This can be used to track usage metrics, measuring impact and improving discoverability Integration with services: DOIs are integrated with various tools like reference managers, academic search engines, and digital libraries. These mediums enhance the visibility and accessibility of research material with DOIs. Limitations of Digital Object Identifier Cost: Digital object identifiers are costly for smaller organisations or individual researchers. While some services offer free digital object identifier registration for certain content, there may be fees associated with others, particularly for maintenance and updates. Accessibility: There may still be barriers to access for individual researchers or organisations in regions with limited resources. Ensuring equitable access to digital object identifier services and content remains a challenge. Content Preservation: While the sequence provide persistent links to digital content, they do not guarantee the preservation or long-term accessibility of that content. Ensuring the preservation of digital objects linked to DOIs require additional efforts and infrastructure beyond the system itself. Granularity: Sequences are assigned to individual digital objects, such as articles, datasets, or books. However, there may be cases where more granular identification is required, such as specific sections within a larger work or versions of a dataset. Addressing these granularity issues within the digital object identifier system can be complex. Conduct your research on Zendy today Now that you’ve gained a better understanding of how DOI works and impacts the world of research, you may begin your search and find your next academic discovery on Zendy! Our advanced search allows you to input DOI, ISSN, ISBN, publication, author, date, keyword and title. Give it a go on Zendy now. ul { margin-top: 5px !important; margin-bottom: 5px !important; } p, ul, li, h1, h2, h4 { word-break: normal !important; }