Biochemical and Histological Evaluation of Penoxsulam Herbicide on an Animal Model

Aims: Many herbicides react to the body system and might effect the activity of hormones in the human body. The present work aims to determine the potential impact of 90 days of repeated exposure to Penoxsulam herbicide by oral gavage on the Liver, Kidney, Thyroid endocrine profile and biochemical stress in the wistar rat model. Study Design: The primary study was performed to Wistar rats grouped into 6 groups. Four groups were picked for low dose, middle dose, high dose, and high recovery dose, respectively. They were administered the Penoxsulam at dose levels of 100, 300, 500 mg/kg body weight. Similarly, 2 recovery groups were classified as control and recovery control groups, and doses were administered to them only through the corn oil (vehicle) via the oral route with the help of a suitable cannula for 90 days. Place and Duration of Study: Toxicology department, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi (INDIA), July 2020 and June 2021. Methodology: In this study, healthy 60 male and 60 female Wistar rats aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 130-190 gm, were used. Before commencing the study, permission from IAEC (Institutional animal ethics committee) was taken for this experiment (CPCSEA). Results: This study evaluates significant changes in the body weight of rats; moreover, Penoxsulam elevated the significance level of SGOT, SGPT, BUN, Urea, and Creatinine. No alterations were seen in Hematology parameters and Ophthalmology examination. Also, physiological changes were examined after exposure to penoxsulam in rats. Conclusion: Therefore, Penoxsulam showed harmful toxic effects on the Kidney and Liver. However, no alteration has been seen in the thyroid profile (T3 triiodothyronine, T4 thyroxine, TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone) of Wistar rats during the experimentation period.