Evaluation of the Impacts of Oil Pollution and a Sustainability Assessment: A Focus Group Case Study of Ogoniland, Nigeria

The growing impact of climate change has piqued public interest in determining the effects of people's actions on future generations. However, while environmentalists continue to advocate for accountability, most people in the places where the majority of these pollutions occur, particularly in oil-producing communities, have no say in their future. The study proposes a qualitative approach and the creation of a focus group environmental matrix as a unique technique for oil spill management that considers people's perceptions. This study takes a qualitative approach, relying on a focus group discussion of 12 open-ended questions about oil spills effects on the ecosystem. The questions were all about the spills' impact on residents. The qualitative study was performed between March and May 2018 in Gio, Ogale, Kwakwa, and KeDere Local Governments in Ogoniland. Gender-based strategies were studied with pre-determined questions and a total of 48 participants. Participants were indigenous who were conversant with the chosen topic and were asked leading questions. Finally, matrix analysis was used, which matched the people's perspectives. As a result, the total environmental components were affected. The following are the effects of oil pollution recognised by the focus group matrix: unsustainable income, devalued economy, devalued culture, weathering mangrove, respiratory disorders, inaccuracy in reaction, communication barrier, and economic deterioration. It ascertained that the focus group technique to promote environmental restoration and sustainability is vital. It allows for a more direct connection with the most vulnerable and provides policymakers with potential solutions.