Noninvasive Predictors of Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon in Patients Presenting with Chronic Coronary Syndrome

Background: Patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) exhibit the following characteristics: Predominantly middle-aged males, the majority have mixed pattern angina, persistent chest pain sensations after therapy, and many have had repeated invasive and non-invasive examinations. Objectives: Our study aimed to determine the base of non-invasive predictors of coronary slow flow phenomenon in patients presenting with chronic coronary syndrome. Patients and Methods: This a case-control study included 100 participants of suspected coronary artery disease were divided into two groups matched in age and sex group I: 50 patients with primary CSFP and group II: 50 patients with normal coronary angiography. Each patient was undergoing to demographic data taking, physical investigation, good hydration, restrict fasting hours requested for coronary angiography, 12 lead-Electrocardiogram (ECG)s were obtained for each patient at rest, laboratory parameters, coronary angiography, treadmill exercise ECG, transthoracic echocardiography to assess the thickness of the left ventricle’s (LV) wall, its interior dimensions, as well as the LV’s ejection fraction (EF) using M-mood method and the aortic propagation velocity. Results: male sex and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina grade’s (CCSA) class 3 were significantly decreased in group I compared to group II and male sex, Diabetes mellitus (DM), smoker and CCSA class 4 were substantially increase in group I compared to group II (P <0.05). P wave max, P Wave dispersion (PWd), corrected QT dispersion (QTcd) at resting ECG, T wave inversion and ST Waves segment depression at stress ECG were significantly increase in group I compared to group II. QTc min was significantly lower in group I compared to group II (P <0.05). LA diameter was significantly increased in group I than group II. Aortic propagation velocity was significantly decreased in group I than group II (P <0.05). Hematocrit, total leucocytic count, mean platelet volume and High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were significantly increase group I compared to group II (P <0.05). Conclusions: Patients suspected of having a coronary artery disease who are diagnosed with coronary slow flow, male sex, dilated LA, CCSA class 3 or 4, elevated hematocrit value, elevated total leucocytic count, increased mean platelet volume, increased HsCRP, P max, PWd, QTcd, T wave inversion, ST segment depression, and decreased aortic propagation were statistically higher in CSFP patient compared to controls.