Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect

Background: Over the past decade, percutaneous atrial septal defect (ASD) closure has been the preferred treatment option in many clinical programs for ASD. Percutaneous ASD closures with advanced device architecture and distribution have established user experience and process security. The ability to diagnose has also improved. The devices have evolved from the larger fixtures to the reset zone, being easily eliminated with little residual mesh material and comfortable fitting with the surrounding structures. Biodegradable technology has been introduced and will be considered as a future option. The emergence of the use of the ASD closure device over the last forty years includes improvements that reduce the incidence of adverse effects reported over the years. Issues reported in the literature include thrombus formation, air tightness, device insertion, abrasion, residual shunts and nickel hypersensitivity. Modern tools hold medium and long-term data with excellent results. Multi-sized devices securely close simple and complex ASDs that can re-scan, reset, and detect percutaneous advanced delivery procedures. In this review, the most widely used tools and distribution processes are discussed and the tools that show promise for the future. Conclusion: As the field of transcatheter treatment of atrial septal defects (TC-ASD) and congenital interventional cardiology develops, real-world design studies provide valuable developmental information on aspects of care where there is disagreement about best practices and more research is needed.