Open AccessWorking Equids: Their Conditions, Invisible Earning and Challenges- A Review
Author(s) -
Ajmer Singh,
Yash Pal,
Rajender Kumar,
Sanjay Kumar,
Kanika Rani,
Jitender Prasad
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
asian journal of agricultural extension, economics and sociology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2320-7027
DOI - 10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130761
Subject(s) - livestock , livelihood , population , animal husbandry , agriculture , census , government (linguistics) , working population , socioeconomics , business , geography , agricultural economics , economic growth , economics , environmental health , medicine , linguistics , philosophy , archaeology , forestry
Working equids play vital role in pastoral economy nationally as well as globally and their role is very significant in providing livelihood to households of their owners through direct and indirect financial contribution. This review aims to analyze their conditions, constrains and their invisible income. Working equids contribute for both direct and indirect income to large number of households and provide draught energy to a large human population nationally and internationally. They are important components of livestock and as per the livestock census done by Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairy and Fishery, Government of India, equine contribution in livestock population was 0.39% in 1997 , 0.32% in 2003, 0.22% in 2007, 0.22% in 2012 and it came down to 0.10% in 2019. Though being comparatively less number in total livestock population, their roles are important in particular section of landless and marginalized human population engaged in rearing of these animals. Working equids are facing negligence, poor health and malnutrition. Excessive use of automobile, their declining contribution in agricultural GDP and some social issues are major constrains for declining trends in their population.