Open AccessAutoantibody Profile of Childhood Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Audit of Immunopathology Laboratory of a Tertiary Care Centre
Author(s) -
Bitan Naik,
Mahima Yadav,
Anju Bharti,
Vikas Kailashiya,
Pooja Sharma,
Ojas Gupta,
Paramita Paul
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
journal of clinical and diagnostic research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2249-782X
pISSN - 0973-709X
DOI - 10.7860/jcdr/2022/51638.15884
Subject(s) - medicine , anti nuclear antibody , autoantibody , malar rash , immunology , systemic lupus erythematosus , antibody , pediatrics , disease
ntroduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, which commonly affects females and is associated with formation of various Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA). Childhood onset SLE has some similarities and differences in immunological profile and clinical manifestations from adult onset SLE patients. Aim: To study the spectrum of clinical manifestation and autoantibody profile of childhood onset SLE patients and to compare with adult SLE patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective observational study in which 74 patients of childhood onset SLE and 91 patients of adult SLE were included. The study was conducted from October 2017 to March 2021 in Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Detailed clinical and laboratory data were collected from medical records. Serum ANA and anti-dsDNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) detection was done by solid phase enzyme immunoassay methods. Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen were detected by dot blot immunoassay. Chi-square test (International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0) was used to compare categorical data of childhood onset SLE and adult SLE patient groups. Results: The mean age of childhood onset SLE patients was 13.05±4.26 years with female: male ratio of 3.93:1. Malar rash (p=0.001) and renal involvement (p=0.021) was significantly more frequent in childhood onset SLE but oral ulcer was significantly more frequent (p=0.038) in adult patients. Anti-ds DNA positivity and reduction in complements C3 and C4 were more commonly seen in childhood onset SLE patients. Conclusion: Age is an important influence on clinical manifestations and autoantibody profile of SLE. Childhood onset SLE showed more frequent renal and skin involvement and more significant activity measured by reduction of complements. Awareness of the same will help our clinicians to detect renal involvement at an early stage and develop organ specific management protocol.