Open AccessTreatment of Resıstant Cyclophosphamide Induced Haemorrhagic Cystıtıs: Revıew of Literature and Three Case Reports
Author(s) -
Turgay Ebiloğlu,
Engin Kaya,
Sercan Yılmaz,
Gökhan Özgür,
Yusuf Kïbar
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of clinical and diagnostic research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2249-782X
pISSN - 0973-709X
DOI - 10.7860/jcdr/2016/16948.7642
Subject(s) - medicine , cyclophosphamide , rheumatoid arthritis , cytomegalovirus , hemorrhagic cystitis , bk virus , pathology , graft versus host disease , jc virus , chemotherapy , transplantation , gastroenterology , immunology , virus , herpesviridae , kidney transplantation , progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy , viral disease
Haemorrhagic Cystitis (HC) is defined as diffuse inflammatory bladder bleeding due to many aetiologies. Massive HC often arises from anticancer chemotherapy or radiotherapy for the treatment of pelvic malignancies. Phosphamides are the anti-cancer drugs used for treating breast cancer, B-cell lymphoma, leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythaematosis by cross-linking strands of DNA and preventing the cell division. They are also used in bone marrow transplantation for prevention of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD). Hepatic metabolism of phosphamide forms acrolein, and acrolein makes ulceration, haemorrhage, edema and necrosis of the urothelium during its excretion by the urine. Infectious causes of HC in immunocomprimesed patients are adenovirus, BK polyoma-virus (BK), JC virus, and Cytomegalovirus (CMV). The present article attempts to make a review of literature for the treatment of intractable HC and report three cases with HC.