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Trypanosoma cruzi , the cause agent of Chagas disease, is transmitted mainly by blood-feeding insects of the subfamily Triatominae. The  T. cruzi  life cycle alternates between triatomines and mammalian hosts, excluding birds and reptiles. Triatomines of  Mepraia  genus are wild vectors of  T. cruzi  in Chile.  Mepraia  specimens infected with  T. cruzi  have been detected in Pan de Azúcar and Santa María islands. The most common vertebrates that inhabit these islands are birds and reptiles, and it is unknown whether small mammals are present. Consequently, it is relevant to know whether there are any  T. cruzi -infected small mammals on those islands to elucidate the  T. cruzi  cycle. To clarify this crossroads, islands of northern Chile were explored to determine if  T. cruzi -infected triatomines and rodents co-occur in islands of northern Chile.  T. cruzi  DNA was detected by conventional and real-time PCR in three islands: on Santa María and Pan de Azúcar islands  T. cruzi  was detected in  Mepraia  sp samples, while on Pan de Azúcar (6.1%) and Damas islands (15%) was detected in the rodent  Abrothrix olivacea . We show for the first time in Chile the occurrence of insular rodents infected with  T. cruzi , and a complete  T. cruzi  life cycle in a coastal island. Our results provide new insights to understand the  T. cruzi  infection in the wild cycle.

Trypanosoma cruzi-infected triatomines and rodents co-occur in a coastal island of northern Chile