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Japanese species of the genus  Astrocladus  (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) are reviewed.  Astrocladus coniferus  recently has two junior synonyms,  A. dofleini  Döderlein and  A. pardalis  Döderlein, however, status of these species has long been questioned. These species concepts have not been reviewed in recent years and no molecular phylogenetic analyses have been performed. Observations of the lectotype of  A. coniferus , as well as the lectotype and four paralectotypes of  A. dofleini  and the holotype of  A. pardalis  have revealed that  A. coniferus  and  A. pardalis  are conspecific and morphologically distinguishable from  A. dofleini .  Astrocladus coniferus  and  A. dofleini  are supported as distinct species by our molecular data. Additionally, we re-describe  A. exiguus  and  A. annulatus , based on recently collected specimens and the holotype. We conclude that four species,  A. annulatus ,  A. coniferus ,  A. dofleini , and  A. exiguus  are present in Japanese waters.

A taxonomic review of the genusAstrocladus(Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) from Japanese coastal waters