Bacterial community characteristics and enzyme activities in Imperata cylindrica litter as phytoremediation progresses in a copper tailings dam

This study analyzed Imperata cylindrica litter to determine variation in bacterial community composition and function along with enzyme activity as phytoremediation progresses. We found significant differences in physical and chemical properties of soil and litter in the different sub-dams investigated. The Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria were the dominant bacteria found in the litter of the different sub-dams. The alpha diversity (α-diversity) of litter bacterial community increased over as phytoremediation progressed, while total soil carbon and total litter carbon content were positively correlated to bacterial α-diversity. Total litter carbon and total nitrogen were the key factors that influenced bacterial community structure. Heavy metal can influence the degradation of litters by altering the composition of the microbial community. Furthermore, bacterial communities encoded with alpha-amylase (α-amylase) dominated during the initial phytoremediation stage; however, bacterial communities encoded with hemicellulase and peroxidase gradually dominated as phytoremediation progressed. Findings from this study provide a basis for exploring litter decomposition mechanisms in degraded ecosystems, which is critically important to understand the circulation of substances in copper tailings dams.