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Here we give names to three new species of  Paraburkholderia  that can remain in symbiosis indefinitely in the spores of a soil dwelling eukaryote,  Dictyostelium discoideum . The new species  P. agricolaris  sp. nov. , P. hayleyella  sp. nov. ,  and  P. bonniea  sp. nov .  are widespread across the eastern USA and were isolated as internal symbionts of wild-collected  D. discoideum . We describe these sp. nov. using several approaches. Evidence that they are each a distinct new species comes from their phylogenetic position, average nucleotide identity, genome-genome distance, carbon usage, reduced length, cooler optimal growth temperature, metabolic tests, and their previously described ability to invade  D. discoideum  amoebae and form a symbiotic relationship .  All three of these new species facilitate the prolonged carriage of food bacteria by  D. discoideum,  though they themselves are not food. Further studies of the interactions of these three new species with  D. discoideum  should be fruitful for understanding the ecology and evolution of symbioses.

peerj

Endosymbiotic adaptations in three new bacterial species associated with Dictyostelium discoideum: Paraburkholderia agricolaris sp. nov., Paraburkholderia hayleyella sp. nov., and Paraburkholderia bonniea sp. nov