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Background   Lecanicillium lecanii  is an entomopathogenic fungi, which was isolated from insects suffering from disease. Now, it is an effective bio-control resource that can control agricultural pests such as whitefly and aphids. There are many studies on the control of various agricultural pests by  L. lecanii , but no report on its control of  Bemisia tabaci  biotype-Q exists. In this work, we studied the susceptibility of  B. tabaci  Q-biotype (from Ningxia, China) to  L. lecanii  JMC-01 in terms of nymph mortality and the changes in detoxifying protective enzymes activities.    Methods   B. tabaci  nymphs were exposed to  L. lecanii  JMC-01 conidia by immersion with the host culture. Mortality was assessed daily for all nymph stages. The detoxifying and protective enzyme activity changes, weight changes, and fat, and water contents of the nymphs were determined spectrophotometrically.    Results  All instars of  B. tabaci  died after being infested with 1 × 10 8  conidia/mL. The 2nd-instar nymphs were the most susceptible, followed by the 3rd-instar nymphs. The corrected cumulative mortality of the 2nd- and 3rd-instar nymphs was 82.22% and 75.55%, respectively. The levels of detoxifying and protective enzymes initially increased and then decreased. The highest activities of carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase, peroxidase, and catalase occurred on the 3rd day, reaching 10.5, 0.32, 20, and 6.3 U/mg prot, respectively. These levels were 2.2-, 4.3-, 2.4-, and 1.4-fold the control levels, respectively. The highest activities of glutathione-S transferase and superoxide dismutase on the 2nd day were, respectively, 64 and 43.5 U/mg prot. These levels were, respectively, 2.7 and 1.1-fold that of the control level. The water and fat content in the infected  B. tabaci  nymphs decreased and differed significantly from the control levels. The weight increased continuously in the first 24 h, decreasing thereafter. At 72 h, the infestation level was about 0.78-fold that of the control level.    Conclusions  The studied  L. lecanii  JMC-01 strain is pathogenic to the  B. tabaci  Q-biotype. This strain interferes with the normal functioning of detoxifying and protective enzymes, and is also involved in the disruption of normal physiological metabolism in  B. tabaci .

Effects ofLecanicillium lecaniistrain JMC-01 on the physiology, biochemistry, and mortality ofBemisia tabaciQ-biotype nymphs