Open AccessAnti-fouling activity and toxicity of the Mediterranean alien sponge Paraleucilla magna Klautau, Monteiro & Borojevic, 2004 (Porifera, Calcarea)
Author(s) -
Caterina Longo,
Roberta Trani,
Carlotta nis Marzano,
Maria Mercurio,
Tamara Lazic,
Pietro Cotugno,
Erika Santobianchi,
Maria Flavia Gravina
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
peerj
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.927
H-Index - 70
ISSN - 2167-8359
DOI - 10.7717/peerj.12279
Subject(s) - artemia salina , brine shrimp , tetraselmis suecica , mytilus , biology , biofouling , sponge , daphnia magna , biocide , toxicity , botany , fishery , chemistry , algae , biochemistry , organic chemistry , membrane
Poriferans, as sessile organisms without rigid external covering, use secondary metabolites for protection from predators and fouling organisms. The present study tested the antifouling activity of ethanolic extract of the Mediterranean alien calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna towards juvenile mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis . Furthermore, toxicity tests on nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia salina and two microalgae strains, Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis suecica, were also conducted . A total attachment inhibition of M. galloprovincialis was achieved at a concentration of 400 µg/mL of sponge extract. The 50% mortality of A. salina nauplii was recorded at a concentration of 500 µg/mL of ethanolic extract. The growth inhibitory effect on both marine microalgae strains has been registered at a concentration of 300 µg/mL. Our results suggest promising natural antifouling activity and low toxicity of the ethanolic extract of P. magna that could be used as antifouling compound.