An electromagnetic street scattering channel model for outdoor vehicular-to-vehicular communication systems

The vehicular-to-vehicular (V2V) communications have recently received great attention due to some traffic telematic applications that make transportation safer, more efficient, and more environmentally friendly. Reliable traffic telematic applications and services require V2V wireless communication systems to be able to provide robust connectivity. To develop such wireless communication systems and standards, accurate channel models for the V2V communication systems are required. In this paper, a geometric street scattering channel model for a V2V communication system is presented under line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) propagation conditions. Starting from the geometric model, a stochastic reference channel model is developed, where the scatterers are uniformly distributed in rectangles in the form of stripes parallel to both sides of the street. A typical propagation scenario for the proposed model is presented, where the buildings and the trees can be considered as scatterers. Analytical expressions for the probability density functions (PDFs) of the angle-of-departure (AOD) and the angle-of-arrival (AOA) are derived. By obtaining the PDF of the total Doppler frequency, the Doppler power spectral density (PSD) and the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the proposed model are also investigated and computed, assuming that the mobile transmitter (MT) and the mobile receiver (MR) are moving, while the surrounding scatterers are fixed. In this respect the underlying radio channel model differs from the traditional cellular channels. We can draw the conclusion that the PDFs of AOD and AOA first increase and then decrease within a certain angle range; the Doppler power spectral density of the signal in the outdoor street environment presents the peak value in fmax. In addition, while the Rice distribution factor is larger, the value of the autocorrelation function increases relatively, the stability of the fluctuation increases correspondingly as well. To validate the reference channel model, its Doppler parameters are compared with those of a real-world measured channel for urban and rural areas. The numerical results show a good fitting of the theoretical results to the computer simulations. In the proposed geometry-based channel model, we not only study the influence of the street scatterers on the performance of V2V communication system, but also broaden the research of the channel modeling of outdoor wireless communication in turn. To evaluate the propagation characteristics of the outdoor V2V communication systems and the simulation of wireless communication system, this paper provides a powerful research tool.