Open AccessAir bubble entrainment by breaking waves and estimation of the related statistical quantities
Author(s) -
Shuwen Zhang
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
wuli xuebao
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.199
H-Index - 47
ISSN - 1000-3290
DOI - 10.7498/aps.57.3287
Subject(s) - bubble , dissipation , kinetic energy , entrainment (biomusicology) , physics , turbulence kinetic energy , mechanics , turbulence , breaking wave , air entrainment , meteorology , atmospheric sciences , classical mechanics , thermodynamics , optics , wave propagation , acoustics , rhythm
Based on the experiments, the energy loss from wave breaking εed, the bubble plume penetration depth zb, the rate of air entrainment Q(z), and the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate εT(z) are estimated in this study. As a consequence, a simple bubble size spectrum model N(a,z) is proposed and the rate of energy dissipation due to air bubble entrainment and bubble fragment Hinze scale and bubble size spectrum are investigated under different sea states. It is indicated that the rate of energy dissipation due to air bubble entrainment ranges from 01 to 06 in low and moderate sea states, but may be negligible in the high sea state. Bubble fragment Hinze scale downshifts to the lower-frequency band as wind speed increases. Bubble size spectrum not only depends on the rate of air entrainment, the breaking rate, and the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, but also strongly on the wind and sea state.