Open AccessTransmitted antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in newly diagnosed HIV‐1 positive patients in Turkey
Author(s) -
Sayan Murat,
Sargýn Fatma,
Inan Dilara,
Yýldýz Sevgi Dilek,
Kocagül Celikbas Aysel,
Yasar Kadriye,
Kaptan Figen,
Sayýn Kutlu Selda,
Tasdelen Fýsgýn Nuriye,
Inci Ayse,
Ceran Nurgül,
Karaoðlan Ýlkay,
Cagatay Atahan,
Kemal Celen Mustafa,
Tekin Koruk Suda,
Ceylan Bahadýr,
Yýldýrmak Taner,
Akalýn Halis,
Korten Volkan,
Willke Ayse
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of the international aids society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.724
H-Index - 62
ISSN - 1758-2652
DOI - 10.7448/ias.17.4.19750
Subject(s) - medicine , drug resistance , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , antiretroviral drug , virology , drug , hiv drug resistance , antiretroviral therapy , antiretroviral agents , viral load , pharmacology , genetics , biology
The objective of this study was to determine the transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRMs) in newly diagnosed HIV‐1 positive patients in Turkey. Materials and Methods The study was carried out between 2009 and 2014 and antiretroviral naïve 774 HIV‐1 infected patients from 19 Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Departments in Turkey were included; gender: 664 (86%) male, median age: 37 (range; 1–77), median CD4+T‐cell: 360 (range; 1–1320) count/mm 3 , median HIV‐RNA load: 2.10+E6 (range; 4.2+E2–7.41+E8) IU/mL. HIV‐1 drug resistance mutations were detected by population based sequencing of the reverse transcriptase (codon 41–238) and protease (codon 1–99) domains of pol gene of HIV‐1, and analyzed according to the criteria by the World Health Organization 2009 list of surveillance drug resistance mutations [1]. Results The patients had TDRMs to NRTIs (K65R, M184V), NNRTIs (K101E, K103N/S, G190A/E/S, Y181I/C, Y188H/L) and PIs (M46L, I54V, L76V, V82L/T, N83D, I84V, L90M). The prevalence of overall TDRMs was 6.7% (52/774). Resistance mutations were found to be 0.7% (6/774), 4.1% (32/774) and 2.1% (17/774) to NRTIs, NNRTIs and PIs drug groups, respectively. Three patients had NRTIs+NNRTs resistance mutations (M184V+K103N) as multi‐class drug resistance. However, thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) determined two distinct genotypic profiles in the HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase: TAM1: M41L, L210W and T215Y, and TAM2: D67N, K70R, K219E/Q, and T215F. The prevalence of TAM1 and TAM2 were 7.7% (60/774) and 4.3% (34/774), respectively. Conclusions The TDRMs prevalence of antiretroviral naïve HIV‐1 infected patients may be suggested current situation of Turkey. These long‐term and large‐scale results show that the resistance testing must be an integral part of the management of HIV infection in Turkey.