Cybersecurity of Railway Command and Control Systems

With the large-scale migration to computer-based and network technology, the threat of unauthorized remote access to railway command and control systems does not appear to be something extraordinary.But external effects shall be considered alongside with internal factorsof signalling software and hardware such errors and undocumented features. Risk mitigation in terms of cybersecurity of signalling installations can onlybe achieved as a combination of means designed within some holistic approach integrating both safety and IT security aspects.