Minerālo saistvielu pētījumi Silikātu materiālu institūtā

Parādīti pēdējās desmitgades pētījumi minerālo saistvielu jomā. Pētīta dažādu aktīvo ķīmisko piedevu ietekme uz betona struktūru, mehāniskajām un fizikālajām īpašībām. Novērtēta iegūto betonu korozijas izturība pret sulfātu sāļu šķīdumiem. Pētīta dažādu rūpniecisko blakus produktu – pelnu – kā pucolānu piedevas ietekme uz betona īpašībām.Investigation of Mineral Binders in the Institute of Silicate MaterialsThe influence of natural and artificial pozzolanic and micro-filler additives on the cement paste hydration process, structure, properties was studied. Different additives and chemical compositions were used: micro- and nano-silica, amorphous silicon dioxide synthesized by sol-gel method, glass powder, highly disperse sand, different types of ash. The pozzolanic activity of additives mainly depends on quantity and specific surface area, i. e., the dispersity of active SiO2 and Al2O3. Depending on the pozzolanic activity chemical additives can be used as concrete aggregates or as active additives.The influence of superplasticizer Semflow MC (SP) on microstructure and properties of concrete was investigated. The compressive strength of concrete with SP increased to 154 MPa, corresponding to HPC. The capillary absorption of water and solutions containing sulphate ions into HPC depends on amount of SP. The depth of penetration of solution in the samples decreases consistently by increasing the amount of SP. The formation of crystalline phase during maturation was analysed, and it was found that by increasing testing time the amount of portlandite decreased and calcium hydrosilicate formed. The concrete samples with low W/C ratio, pozzolanic additives and SP up to 2.5 % according mechanical and chemical properties conform to the characteristics of HPC. The investigated concrete has high chemical resistance to solutions containing sulphate ions.Keywords – binders, concrete, pozzolanic additives, ash, concrete corrosion