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Nostalgisk elegi eller idylliserende reminiscens af tanken om den ædle vilde. Review-artikel af Michael Rothstein, Regnskovens religion
Author(s) -
Anders Klostergaard Petersen
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
religionsvidenskabeligt tidsskrift
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.111
H-Index - 3
eISSN - 1904-8181
pISSN - 0108-1993
DOI - 10.7146/rt.v0i0.104438
Subject(s) - modernity , subject (documents) , religious studies , sociology , scholarship , philosophy , environmental ethics , epistemology , law , political science , library science , computer science
English Abstract: Rothstein’s extensive monograph on Penan religion in Sarawak is by virtue of its topic paying remedy for the scarce literature on foragers-and-hunters’ religion in contemporary Danish scholarship, wherefore it deserves a thorough discussion. Despite its laudable subject and the author’s catching enthusiasm, the book falls short on a number of accounts. In terms of philosophy of science the monograph reflects a rather uncritical stance according to which theory not only emerges from the sources studied but also rests on idiosyncrasy: “Every man his theory.” The author adopts a biosemiotic perspective – never extensively elaborated − on the Penans whose religion is claimed to mirror an almost natural relationship to the environment they inhabit. Strangely enough, this obvious perspective is not applied in the examination of Christian missionaries who are considered an invasive species. The significant question – featuring prevalently in contemporary studies on the subject − on gatherers-and-hunters’ religion and modernity is eclipsed from the examination. Ultimately, this element in concert with the demonization of the Christian missionaries is conducive to the reappearance of tribal idyllisation and romanticism of nature. One can hardly disagree with Rothstein’s dislike of the arrogance, racism, and xenophobia entertained by the Christian missionaries with respect to the Penans; but the discussion becomes naïve when the whole question of modernity and foragers-and-hunters’ religion is left out of scope. This is even more so, when the castigation leads to a concomitant plea to maintain the traditional Penan lifestyle at the cost of Penans’ share in modernity. All culture comes at a cost, but should Penans be excluded from obtaining a share in those elements that have enabled us to reduce the rate of infant deaths, to enhance the average lifespan, and to acquire a relatively stable social security throughout life? I think such a view is untenable ethically. Rothstein’s almost obsessive aversion towards the Christian missionaries impedes the cool analysis and seriously disqualifies the scholarly soberness called for in the examination of both Penan religion and the Christian mission following in the wake of multinational timber felling companies and modernity.  Dansk resume: Mikael Rothsteins bog om penanreligion i Sarawak på Borneo er ikke alene et omfattende studie af penaners religion, men også et kærkomment bidrag til den sparsomme danske litteratur om samler-jæger-religion i dag. Skønt Rothsteins arbejde er imponerende både i omfang og i henseende til det engagement, han har lagt for dagen i selve undersøgelsen med adskillige feltstudier over en næsten tiårig periode blandt penanerne, skuffer bogen i flere henseender. Frem for brug af klar teori og dertil hørende metode(r) forfalder forfatteren til en form for naiv intuitivisme, hvor teori dels er noget, som læses frem af kilderne selv, dels kendetegnes ved idiosynkrasi: ”Every man his theory!” Hvor Rothstein opfatter penanernes religion som en, der naturligt modsvarer det miljø, i hvilket de lever, gælder det anderledes for de kristne missionærer, som er fulgt i kølvandet på de store internationale tømmerfirmaers skovhugst i Sarawaks regnskov. Her er der tale om en invasiv art, der lige så lidt, ”som det er muligt at tale tysk med engelsk grammatik,” passer til miljøet. Argumentationen er sært inkonsekvent. Hvor Rothstein anlægger et biosemiotisk perspektiv på penanerne, gælder det ikke studiet af den kristne mission. Her hopper kæden af. Mange vil som jeg selv dele Rothsteins ubehag over for de kristne missionærers arrogance, racisme og xenofobi i forhold penanerne; men dæmoniseringen og essentialiseringen af kristen mission bliver i længden trættende, for den er del af en større problemstilling, som Rothstein helt forbigår: nutidige samler-jæger-religioner og moderniteten, et emne som der ellers er skrevet betydelig litteratur om. Det er svært ikke at sidde tilbage med et indtryk af, at Rothstein forfalder til en form for bedaget tribalidyllisering og naturromantik, hvor penanerne skal fastholdes i deres naturlighed, medens vi andre så i øvrigt nyder godt af modernitetens herligheder som f.eks. lav spædbørnsdødelighed, lang levetid og social sikkerhed livet igennem. Alt sammen forhold, Rothstein ikke berører. For religionshistorikeren er det naivt og ahistorisk, at Rothstein ikke ser forbindelsen mellem basale socio-materielle forhold og religionstype. Hans forståelige aversion mod kristne missionærers optræden i Sarawak blænder den religionshistoriske analyse og videnskabelige nøgternhed.  

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