Open AccessEnthalpy of formation of phosphorus pentachloride; derivation of the enthalpy of formation of aqueous orthophosphoric acid
Author(s) -
Richard H. Schumm,
E.J. Prosen,
Donald D. Wagman
Publication year - 1974
Publication title -
journal of research of the national bureau of standards. section a. physics and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2376-5704
pISSN - 0022-4332
DOI - 10.6028/jres.078a.021
Subject(s) - enthalpy , standard enthalpy of formation , chemistry , aqueous solution , phosphorus pentachloride , enthalpy change of solution , calorimeter (particle physics) , standard enthalpy of reaction , hydrolysis , chlorine , standard enthalpy change of formation , calorimetry , phosphorus , analytical chemistry (journal) , thermodynamics , organic chemistry , physics , detector , optics
When chlorine (real gas, 980 mmHg) combines with white ( α ) phosphorus to form phosphorus pentachloride at 24.89 °C, 3986.3 ± 2.7 J of heat are liberated per gram of stoichiometrically equivalent Mg 2 P 2 O 7 . This value was determined by a dead-ended flow system in an electrically calibrated isoperibol calorimeter. Correction was made for the formation of up 10 one mol percent PCl3 in the products; no other impurities were found. From this value, the standard (25 °C, ideal gas) enthalpy of formation of PCl 5 (c) is calculated to be -443.85 ± 0.30 kJ/mol, -106.08 ± 0.07 kcal/mol. When this figure is combined with a recent determination of the enthalpy of hydrolysis of PCl 5 (c), the standard enthalpy of formation of H 3 PO 4 (aq, 100 H 2 O) is calculated to be -1296.5 ± 1.5 kJ/mol, in good agreement with two other values which involve the formation and hydrolysis of P 4 O 10 (hex). A "best value" is suggested: Δ H f ° (H 3 PO 4 , 100 H 2 O) = -1295.8 ± 1.3 kJ/mol, -309.7 ± 0.3 kcal/mol.