The formation of curved polymer crystals: Poly(4-methylpentene-1)

An optical and electron microscopical study is described of the habits exhibited by poly(4-methylpentent-1) crystals (Modification I tetragonal unit cell) grown at temperatures between 50 and 90 °C from 0.1 percent solutions of the polymer in equivolume mixtures of xylene and amyl acetate. A distinct trend in the effect of crystallization temperature (supercooling) on the habits of the crystals is illustrated and discussed. The lamellar crystals formed in that temperature range are all the more pronouncedly curved the lower the crystallization temperature. To indicate but the extremes in this trend, the crystals varied from essentially planar ones whose constitutent square shaped chain-folded lamellae (bounded laterally by {100} faces and up to 20 μ m on a side) are four-sectored and only very slightly buckled as previously indicated by Bassett et al., to distinctly curved four-fold symmetrical hollow bowl shaped ones having a radius of curvature of about 2.5 μ m and in which the surface of the curved multilayered wall of which they are constituted changes in orientation through 180° from the base (pole) to the periphery. In contrast with the four-sectored character of the lamellae in the aforementioned essentially planar crystals, the constituent lamellae in all the distinctly dished and bowl-like crystals formed in the temperature range 50 to 90 °C are multiseetored. their lateral development being characterized by the formation at their periphery during growth of successive arrays of {100} microfaceted sectored outgrowths. The reasons why the lamellar crystals of poly (4-methylpentene-1) are all the more pronouncedly curved the lower the crystallization temperature are explored and discussed. Conjectures concerning the origins of this phenomena are advanced in the form of a working 'model.'