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An improved chloroform surrogate for chlorine dioxide‐and alum‐treated waters
Author(s) -
Granderson Corey W.,
Pifer Ashley D.,
Fairey Julian L.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0016
Subject(s) - alum , chemistry , chlorine dioxide , fluorophore , chloroform , chlorine , ultraviolet , raw water , water treatment , fluorescence , ozone , ultraviolet light , chromatography , environmental chemistry , nuclear chemistry , radiochemistry , inorganic chemistry , photochemistry , environmental engineering , organic chemistry , environmental science , physics , quantum mechanics
Reliable disinfection by‐product (DBP) surrogates could be used to optimize dosing of chemicals for DBP precursor removal. In this study, ultraviolet‐ and fluorescence‐based DBP surrogates were evaluated for two drinking water reservoirs. Free chlorine DBP formation potential (FP) tests were performed on raw waters, alum‐coagulated (AC) waters, and chlorine dioxide‐treated and AC (CD‐AC) waters. On average for the two reservoirs, AC decreased trichloromethane chloroform (TCM) FP by 30 and 42%, whereas CD‐AC decreased TCMFP by 61 and 67%. Fluorescence excitation‐emission matrixes from unchlorinated raw and treated samples were decomposed into component fluorophore groups using parallel factor analysis. Maximum intensity values of four humiclike fluorophore groups were more strongly correlated with TCMFP ( R 2 > 0.92) than were ultraviolet‐based surrogates ( R 2 = 0.67–0.84). These results indicate fluorescence parallel factor analysis could be used to track DBP precursor removal and optimize chlorine dioxide and alum doses to curb DBP formation.