Premium
Modeling temperature in the drinking water distribution system
Author(s) -
Blokker E.J. Mirjam,
PieterseQuirijns E.J.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0011
Subject(s) - environmental science , tap water , limit (mathematics) , environmental engineering , atmospheric sciences , mathematics , geology , mathematical analysis
According to the Dutch Drinking Water Directive of 2001, the maximum temperature of drinking water should be 25°C. Occasionally, samples at the tap do exceed this limit, and with global warming, this limit may be exceeded more often. This article describes a model that predicts the temperature of the water in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS). The temperature of the soil is influenced by weather conditions such as atmospheric temperature, radiation, and environmental conditions such as soil's thermal conductivity and heat capacity. The water in the DWDS approaches the soil temperature with a rate that depends on the flow velocity and the water main's heat conductivity. In practice, the heating time required for the drinking water to reach the soil temperature is shorter than the residence time in the DWDS. Two practical test cases confirm the hypothesis that the soil temperature predicts the water temperature in the DWDS well.