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Objectives  To assess catch‐up vaccination of older children and adolescents during the first two years of the “No jab, no pay” policy linking eligibility for federal family assistance payments with childhood vaccination status.    Design, setting, participants  Cross‐sectional analysis of Australian Immunisation Register data on catch‐up vaccination of children aged 5 to less than 7 years before (January 2013 – December 2014; baseline) and during the first two years of “No jab, no pay” (December 2015 – December 2017), and of children aged 7 to less than 10 years and young people aged 10 to less than 20 years (“No jab, no pay” period only).    Main outcomes  Catch‐up vaccination rates for measles–mumps–rubella vaccine second dose ( MMR 2), by age group, Indigenous status, and socio‐economic status; catch‐up vaccination of children aged 5 to less than 7 years (third dose of diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis vaccine [ DTP a3],  MMR 1), before and after introduction of “No jab, no pay”.    Results  The proportion of incompletely vaccinated children aged 5 to less than 7 years who received catch‐up  DTP a3 was higher under “No jab, no pay” than during the baseline period (15.5%  v  9.4%). Of 407 332 incompletely vaccinated people aged 10 to less than 20 years, 71 502 (17.6%) received catch‐up  MMR 2 during the first two years of “No jab, no pay”, increasing overall coverage for this age group from 86.6% to 89.0%.  MMR 2 catch‐up activity in this age group was greater in the lowest socio‐economic status areas than in the highest status areas (29.1%  v  7.6%), and also for Indigenous than for non‐Indigenous Australians (35.8%  v  17.1%).  MMR 2 catch‐up activity in 2016 and 2017 peaked mid‐year.    Conclusions  Linking family assistance payments with childhood vaccination status and associated program improvements were followed by substantial catch‐up vaccination activity, particularly in young people from families of lower socio‐economic status.

“No jab, no pay”: catch‐up vaccination activity during its first two years