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Impending challenges of the burden of end‐stage kidney disease in Australia
Author(s) -
Lim Wai H,
Johnson David W,
McDonald Stephen P,
Hawley Carmel,
Clayton Philip A,
Jose Matthew D,
Wong Germaine
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
medical journal of australia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.904
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1326-5377
pISSN - 0025-729X
DOI - 10.5694/mja2.50354
Subject(s) - medicine , kidney disease , incidence (geometry) , diabetes mellitus , referral , disease , epidemiology , population , end stage kidney disease , type 2 diabetes , environmental health , endocrinology , physics , family medicine , optics
Summary Sex and age‐specific incidence rates of patients with treated end‐stage kidney disease ( ESKD ) in Australia are comparable to those in European countries, but substantially lower compared with those in the United States, Canada and many Asian countries. The incidence rates of treated ESKD in Australia increase with advancing age; however, the incidence of ESKD is likely to be underestimated because a proportion of patients with ESKD (about 50%) remain untreated. Late referral to nephrologists has reduced over the past decade, temporally associated with improved ESKD recognition. However, late referral still occurs in one in five Australians with ESKD . One in two Australians with ESKD has diabetes, with up to 35% of cases directly attributed to diabetes. Mortality rates for patients with ESKD remain substantially higher compared with the age‐matched general population, although there has been a significant improvement in survival over time. Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the two most common causes of death in patients with ESKD .