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Type 2 diabetes in Indigenous and non‐Indigenous children and adolescents in New South Wales
Author(s) -
Craig Maria E,
Femia Giuseppe,
Broyda Vitali,
Lloyd Margaret,
Howard Neville J
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
medical journal of australia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.904
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1326-5377
pISSN - 0025-729X
DOI - 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01021.x
Subject(s) - incidence (geometry) , medicine , demography , population , indigenous , overweight , body mass index , pacific islanders , ethnic group , diabetes mellitus , pediatrics , environmental health , endocrinology , ecology , physics , optics , biology , anthropology , sociology
Objective: To determine the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 2001–2006 in young people < 19 years and the characteristics of T2DM in the Indigenous group. Design and setting: Prospective population‐based incidence study, New South Wales. Participants: Primary ascertainment was from the Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group NSW Diabetes Register, with secondary ascertainment from the National Diabetes Register (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare). Main outcome measures: Incidence of T2DM in young people in NSW; incidence of T1DM and T2DM in Indigenous young people; characteristics at diagnosis. Results: There were 128 incident cases of T2DM (62 boys, 66 girls) in the study period. The median age at diagnosis was 14.5 years (interquartile range, 13.0–16.4), and 90% were overweight or obese (body mass index > 85th percentile for age). Mean annual incidence was 2.5/100 000 person‐years (95% CI, 2.1–3.0) in 10–18‐year‐olds. Of the ethnic groups represented, white Australian comprised 29%, Indigenous 22%, Asian 22%, North African/Middle Eastern 12% and Māori/Polynesian/Melanesian 10%. The incidence of T2DM was significantly higher in the Indigenous than the non‐Indigenous group (incidence rate ratio, 6.1; 95% CI, 3.9–9.7; P < 0.001), but incidence rates of T1DM were similar (15.5 v 21.4/100 000, respectively). Conclusions: T2DM accounts for 11% of incident cases of diabetes in 10–18‐year‐olds, and the majority are overweight or obese. The high rate among Indigenous Australian children supports screening for T2DM in this population.