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Australian Encephalitis in Western Australia, 1978–1991
Author(s) -
Mackenzie John S,
Broom Annette K,
Smith David W,
Bucens Marion R
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
medical journal of australia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.904
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1326-5377
pISSN - 0025-729X
DOI - 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb137623.x
Subject(s) - medicine , encephalitis , pediatrics , disease , japanese encephalitis , virus , epidemiology , virology
Objective To review the various clinical manifestations of Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) or Kunjin virus encephalitis in patients in Western Australia. Design Review of clinical records, 1978 to 1991. Patients Of 26 reported cases of Australian encephalitis, four were excluded from study because the patient's symptoms were not definitely associated with MVE virus or Kunjin virus infection. Two further cases of MVE were not reviewed as case records were not available. Of the remaining 20 patients, 18 had MVE and two had Kunjin virus encephalitis. Results Sixteen cases were in the Kimberley, a tropical region where the viruses are endemic. Four were in the subtropical Pilbara and Gascoyne regions. Thirteen of the 20 cases were in Aborigines, of whom 11 were children. The seven non‐Aboriginal patients were adults. Seventeen of 20 cases were in males. The range of neurological disease and outcome was similar to that in previously reported cases, with convulsions, brainstem disease or respiratory failure in severe and fatal cases, and involvement of the spinal cord, cranial nerve or cerebellum in the moderate cases. One mild case without neurological involvement was caused by Kunjin virus. Conclusions The poor outcome in young Aboriginal children indicated that disease resulting from exposure early in life was more likely to be severe. The disease in adults, irrespective of racial background, was similar to that in cases reported previously from south‐eastern Australia, but generally milder.