A TALE OF TWO CITIES

2 Acknowledgements 3 List of abbreviations 6 Introduction 7 Literature review 9 Introduction 9 Literature describing limited and specific aspects of ISIS 9 Literature describing the rise of ISIS 10 The Sunni – Shia conflict 10 ISIS strategy 10 ISIS in Ramadi and Fallujah 11 Social movement theory and ISIS 12 ISIS and the Sunni Protest movement 12 Methodology 14 Introduction 14 Purpose 14 Research design 14 The Case study 15 Sources 18 Social movement theory 22 Introduction 22 The synthetic model 22 Definition 23 What makes the Sunni Protest movement a movement? 24 Relevance of SMT 25 How SMT can be used to study violent movements 26 The political process model 26 Political opportunity 28 Mobilising structures 30 Framing processes 31 Theory development 33 Analysis 34 Introduction 34 Security forces 34 Tribes 35 The Sahwa 35 The Sunni Protest Movement 36 Ramadi 38 Introduction 38 Mobilising structures 40 Political parties 40 The clerical establishment 41 Tribes 42 Radical elements 43 Mobilising structures conclusion 43 Political opportunity 44 State repression 44