Forms of Parental Musical Cultural Capital and Musical Socialisation of Early and Preschool Age Children

Od devedesetih godina 20. stoljeća učestala su sociološka istraživanja međugeneracijske transmisije kulturnog kapitala potaknuta Bourdieuovom teorijom kulturne reprodukcije. U njihovu je fokusu uglavnom bila analiza utjecaja roditeljskoga kulturnog kapitala na djecu školske dobi. Ovaj je rad problematizirao vezu roditeljskoga glazbenog kulturnog kapitala i glazbene socijalizacije dobne skupine koja je u dosadašnjim istraživanjima bila zanemarena – djece rane i predškolske dobi. Bourdieuova teza o trima oblicima kulturnog kapitala operacionalizirana je u području glazbe. Kao indikatori institucionaliziranoga glazbenog kulturnog kapitala roditelja korišteni su opće i glazbeno obrazovanje, utjelovljenoga glazbeni angažman roditelja i djece i roditeljske glazbene odgojne prakse, a objektiviranoga materijalni glazbeni resursi koje obitelj posjeduje i kojim se koriste u procesu glazbene socijalizacije. Istraživanje je provedeno 2013. godine metodom ankete na uzorku roditelja čija djeca pohađaju vrtić na području grada Rijeke (N = 342). Kod većine obitelji učestalo je prakticiranje glazbenih aktivnosti s djecom, posjedovanje glazbenih resursa koji te aktivnosti omogućuju, ali i vrlo ograničeno uključivanje djece u izvanvrtićke glazbene aktivnosti. Pronađene su razmjerno slabe veze roditeljskoga općeg i glazbenog obrazovanja s oblicima glazbenih odgojnih praksi i posjedovanja glazbenih materijalnih resursa. Na transmisiju glazbenog kapitala snažnije, ali još uvijek relativno slabo, utječu glazbeno obrazovanje roditelja i prošli ili sadašnji roditeljski glazbeni angažman od njihova općeg obrazovanja. Zaključno, glazbena socijalizacija djece te dobi nema, u burdijeovskom smislu, distinktivnu funkciju transmisije kulturnog kapitala, nego se zbiva u sklopu rodnog obrasca roditeljske brige za dijete rane i predškolske dobi, prema kojem je majka u svim dimenzijama (glazbene) socijalizacije angažiranija od oca.Sociological research of the intergenerational transmission of cultural capital, inspired by Bourdieuʼs theory of cultural reproduction, has been frequent since the 1990s. The focus was typically put on the analyses of the influence of parental cultural capital on school-age children. This article examined the relationship between parental musical cultural capital and musical socialisation of the age group which has been overlooked in the previous research – children of early and preschool age. Bourdieuʼs thesis of three forms of cultural capital is operationalised in the field of music. While parents’ general and musical education were used as indicators of parents’ institutionalised musical cultural capital, parents’ and children’s musical engagement and parental musical education practice served as indicators of the embodied musical cultural capital. Family material musical resources used in the process of musical socialisation were utilised as indicators of the objectified musical cultural capital. The survey was conducted in 2013 on a sample of parents whose children attended kindergartens in the Croatian city of Rijeka (N = 342). In most families, the practice of performing musical activities with children and the possession of musical resources that enable these activities were frequent, but the children’s involvement in extracurricular music activities outside the kindergarten was very limited. Weak associations were found between parental education (general and musical), forms of parental musical educational practices and the possession of material musical resources. The transmission of the musical cultural capital was somewhat more strongly associated with the musical education of parents and the past or current parental musical engagement than with parental general education. In conclusion, musical socialisation of the children of that age does not have, in Bourdieuʼs sense, a distinctive function in the transmission of cultural capital. Instead, it takes place within the gendered pattern of care for the children of early and preschool age, where the mother is more engaged in all dimensions of (musical) socialisation than the father