Vojislav Trifunović ili Tomislav Lučić: tko će se lakše zaposliti u Zagrebu? Testiranje diskriminacije po nacionalnoj i dobnoj osnovi metodom prirodnog eksperimenta

Provedbom eksperimenta u prirodnim uvjetima ili metodom testiranja situacije autori su provjeravali jednakost prilika pojedinih skupina na tržištu rada. S pomoću writting test varijante metode ekvivalentnih parova ispitivali su postoji li pri zapošljavanju u Zagrebu diskriminacija osoba srpske nacionalnosti u usporedbi s njihovim hrvatskim parom, te četrdesetogodišnjaka u odnosu na dvadesetogodišnjake. Također, autore je zanimalo moderira li pojavu diskriminacije rod, razina obrazovanja i trenutačna potražnja (deficitarnost) za određenim profilom. Rezultati istraživanja temelje se na testiranju dvaju uzoraka od po 173 natječaja objavljena na internetskim portalima »MojPosao« i »Posao.hr« te u dnevnim novinama. Na objavljene natječaje slane su prijave ekvivalentnih parova kandidata koji su se razlikovali ili po nacionalnom identitetu ili po dobi, a praćeni su ishodi tih prijava kao zavisne varijable. Tri moguće kategorije ishoda bile su: pozitivan odgovor poslodavca izražen kroz poziv kandidatu da pristupi daljnjem postupku selekcije, negativan odgovor ili odbijenica te, naposljetku, izostanak bilo kakve povratne informacije od poslodavca. Utvrđeno je postojanje diskriminacije i po nacionalnoj i po dobnoj osnovi već u prvom krugu odabira: kandidat čije ime i prezime asocira na srpsku nacionalnu pripadnost ima manje šanse za pozitivan ishod prijave od ekvivalentnog kandidata hrvatske nacionalne pripadnosti, a isto vrijedi i za četrdesetogodišnjake u odnosu na dvadesetogodišnjake. Razina obrazovanja i traženost određenog profila predviđaju ishod prijave za kandidate favoriziranih skupina, dok ishod natječaja za diskriminirane skupine posve ovisi o nekim drugim faktorima koji nisu zahvaćeni ovim istraživanjem. Osim spomenutim nalazima, rad se bavi i metodološkim pitanjima i daje preporuke za buduća slična istraživanja.Through conducting the field experiment or situation testing method, the authors checked the equality of opportunities of certain groups in the labour market. The writing test version of the paired-testing method was used to explore whether there is discrimination in the labour market in Zagreb against job applicants of Serbian nationality in comparison to their Croatian equivalent pair, and those of middle age in comparison to twenty year old persons. Besides, the authors were interested in whether the occurrence of discrimination is moderated by gender, education level and the current demand (occupational shortages) of a certain profile. Results are based on data collected from two samples of 173 job announcements published on the web portals “MojPosao”, “Posao.hr” and in daily newspapers. The equivalent pairs of written applications were sent, applications were defined by the national identity or age of the candidates, and the outcome of those announcements was monitored. Related callbacks were dependant variables, categorized in three possible outcomes – a positive response (employer invited applicant to access the further selection process), a negative response or rejection, and finally, the absence of any feedback from the employer. The existence of discrimination based on nationality or age was confirmed in the first round of selection: a candidate with a Serbian sounding given name and surname had less chance of a positive outcome than the equivalent Croatian nationality candidate. The same goes for candidates in their forties in relation to those in their twenties. The level of education and general job availability for a certain occupation predict the outcome of applications by candidates in favoured groups, while the outcome for the discriminated groups is fully dependent on other factors that were not measured in this research. In addition to these findings, the paper deals with methodological issues and gives recommendations for future research