Open AccessAntioxidant and detoxycative mechanisms in central nervous system
Author(s) -
Marzena Gutowicz
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
postępy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.275
H-Index - 34
eISSN - 1732-2693
pISSN - 0032-5449
DOI - 10.5604/01.3001.0013.8548
Subject(s) - glutathione , chemistry , superoxide dismutase , antioxidant , glutathione reductase , biochemistry , reactive oxygen species , hydrogen peroxide , glutathione peroxidase , catalase , gpx4 , superoxide , oxidative stress , peroxidase , enzyme
Since the brain contains a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, consumes up to 20% of oxygen used by the whole body and exhibits low antioxidants activity, it seems to be especially vulnerable to oxidative stress.The most important antioxidant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, catalase (CAT), which converts toxic hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, and glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSHPx), which reduces hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides with glutathione as the cofactor. Among other detoxifying enzymes, the most significant is glutathione transferase (GST), which shows detoksyvariouscatalytic activities allowing for removal of xenobiotics, reducing organic peroxidesand oxidized cell components. One of the most important brain nonenzymatic antioxidantsis reduced glutathione (GSH), which (individually or in cooperation with peroxidases) participatesin the reduction of free radicals, repair of oxidative damage and the regeneration ofother antioxidants, such as ascorbate or tocopherol. Glutathione as a cosubstrate of glutathionetransferase scavenges toxic electrophilic compounds.Although the etiology of the major neurodegenerative diseases are unknown, numerous datasuggest that reactive oxygen species play an important role.Even a small change in the level of antioxidants can leads to the many disorders in the CNS.