Open AccessVaccinomics and adversomics as new trends in vaccinology
Author(s) -
Anna Lutyńska,
Aleksandra Gołoś,
Ewa Augustynowicz,
Beata Orzechowska
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
postępy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.275
H-Index - 34
eISSN - 1732-2693
pISSN - 0032-5449
DOI - 10.5604/01.3001.0010.7616
Subject(s) - immunogenicity , reverse vaccinology , pharmacogenomics , antigen , biology , immunization , genome , immune system , computational biology , immunology , gene , genetics
Currently used vaccines have been developed based on experimental pre-clinical and clinical trials. Although the widespread availability of vaccines is one of the greatest achievements in public health, the selection of antigens capable of inducing an effective immune response has not been successful for some pathogens to date.Searching for and detecting a relationship between genes or whole genome sequences and the level of immunization response has opened the second “golden age” of vaccinology andled to the development of two new branches: vaccinomics and adversomics.Vaccinomics is a combination of pharmacogenetics, which defines the correlation betweensingle gene polymorphism and immunization response and pharmacogenomics, which characterizesthe correlation between genome sequence polymorphism, immunogenicityinduced by the vaccine.Adversomics is aimed at developing a strategy for reducing the risk of adverse events by diagnosingpotentially high-risk individuals and using modified vaccines.The assumptions and achievements of vaccinomics, initiated by Georg Poland, have influencedthe development of a new vaccine antigen selection strategy. This strategy consists of selectingthe optimal antigen after characterizing the genetic and epigenetic determinants of theimmune system components of all candidate vaccine antigens.Taking into account the role of variability, not only in the pathogen but also in the host inantigen, selection strategies may significantly improve the efficiency of the newly developedvaccines and vaccines currently in use after their respective modifications.