Open AccessConcise Review of Lead & Nickel Toxicity impacts on Natural Ecosystem and Human Health
Author(s) -
Devalaraju Ravishankar,
Vishnumolakala Sridevi
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
deleted journal
Language(s) - English
DOI - 10.55434/cbi.2020.8105
Subject(s) - human health , food chain , nickel , lead (geology) , toxicity , pollutant , environmental chemistry , environmental science , ecosystem , heavy metals , chemistry , environmental health , metallurgy , biology , medicine , materials science , ecology , paleontology , organic chemistry
Lead and Nickel are considered as common metal pollutants widely used in alloys, stainless steel, water pipes, cables and batteries etc. Nickel is considered as an essential metal as it is required by the humans and plants at low concentration (0.001 to 2.64 micrograms/per day) recommended by United States pharmacopeial national formulary 2013. In Contrast to Nickel lead is considered as non-essential metal element as it do not have beneficial effect on humans. Boundless usage of these metals entry to the natural ecosystem and reaching in to the human food chain. Accumulation of these metals in to human body on frequent exposure even at low concentration cause serious health hazards or toxicity. Hence we aimed to review lead and nickel toxicity specific to human health, compiling knowledge on Lead and Nickel metals entry to the food chain of humans from the natural ecosystem and summarizing the oxidative stress related to lead and Nickel toxicity.