Open AccessStudy 1: 630 Domestic-Terrorist, Mass-Murdering, Spree-Shooters Differ from 623 Controls and Study 2: 15 Domestic-Terrorist, Mass-Murdering, Spree-Shooters Differ From 23 Homicidal and 36 Controls on the Standard Predictor of Violence Potential and the MMPI-2/A: Implications Are to Use Computer Tests and Machine Learning Equations
Author(s) -
Robert John Zagar,
James Garbarino,
Brad Randmark,
I .L . Singh,
Joseph K. Kovach,
Emma Cenzon,
Michael J. Benko,
Steve Tippins,
Kenneth G. Busch
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
review of european studies
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1918-7181
pISSN - 1918-7173
DOI - 10.5539/res.v14n1p54
Subject(s) - paliperidone , demography , medicine , psychology , psychiatry , schizophrenia (object oriented programming) , sociology , antipsychotic
Study 1: 630 spree-shooters [1936-2021] (1,650 deaths; 3,123 injuries; 194 suicides [31%]), 623 controls logistic regression differences (F= 260.44, df=10/1242, R=.82, R2 =.68, p<.01): (1) homicidal ideation; (2) planning-preparation; (3) stressful-life-event; (4) revenge-motive; (5) acquired-multiple-weapons; (6) elicited-concern; (7) school-location; (8) personal-grievance; (9) suicide; (10) current-student. Study 2: 15 spree-shooters differences, adult, teen: [SP] violence (F=17.48, 123.09); [MMPI-2/A] infrequency (F=92.15, 17.22); lie (F=13.13, 33.91); depression (F=37.76, 26.18); psychopathic-deviance (F=44.66, 57.45); paranoia (F=50.58, 23.92); schizophrenia (F=53.85, 21.69); alcohol (F=42.01, 16.84); addiction (F=57.34, 38.88) compared with 23 homicidal, 36 controls. Spree-shooter loss (1936-2021) = [$2,416,042,490 (630 @ $3,834,988.08) + $6,327,730,332 (1,650 @ $3,834,988.08) + $105,474,702.96 (3,123 @ $33,773.52) = $8,849,247,525.36] + [insurance, tax-increases $11,504,021,782.97 ($8,849,247,525.36 x 1.3] =$20,353,269,308.33. Projecting 2021 to 2105 insurance industry with no computer tests, machine learning equations, $40,706,538,616.66, 3,330 deaths, 6,246 injuries, 388 suicides. Projecting 2017 U.S. Church pedophilia loss (2012-2037, 2038-2056, 2057-2082, 2083-2107), $5,719,865,400 x 5 = $28,599,327,000, 5,679 x 5 = 28,395 victims.