Open AccessBetter safe than sorry? Results from an ex-vivo study demonstrate that the thulium fiber laser may cause eye injury without standard protection
Author(s) -
Min Joon Lee,
Simon Czajkowski,
A.S. Gershon,
Thomas F. Sabljic,
Gad Acosta,
Kate Kazlovich,
Jason Y. Lee
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
canadian urological association journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1920-1214
pISSN - 1911-6470
DOI - 10.5489/cuaj.7770
Subject(s) - ex vivo , ablation , context (archaeology) , laser , medicine , laser safety , laser ablation , eye protection , laser lithotripsy , surgery , materials science , in vivo , lithotripsy , optics , physics , biology , paleontology , microbiology and biotechnology
We conducted a study using an ex-vivo porcine model to evaluate whether a thulium fiber laser (TFL) induces ocular injury in the context of inadvertent exposure to the laser beam.Methods: A 365 μm TFL was positioned at a set distance (0 cm, 5 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm) from a freshly harvested (<12 hours) porcine eyeball and the laser was activated for one second at select laser settings for lithotripsy (0.2 J at 50 Hz, 0.5 J at 20 Hz, and 1 J at 10 Hz) and soft tissue ablation (2 J at 10 Hz, 1 J at 50 Hz). The experiment was repeated with laser safety goggles and prescription eyeglasses. Thermal injury was assessed by histopathological analysis.Results: Without eye protection, corneal injury was observed even at 10 cm away for one lithotripsy setting (1 J at 10 Hz) and both tissue ablation settings. All thermal injuries observed were superficial only, except for at 0 cm distance, where deep-layer injury was observed. Laser safety goggles offered complete protection regardless of setting or distance. Partial protection was demonstrated with prescription glasses: histopathological damage was observed for both soft tissue ablation settings and only at 0 cm for two lithotripsy settings (0.5 J at 20 Hz, 1 J at 10 Hz).Conclusions: The TFL can induce ocular injury at close distances and at higher power settings. The use of laser safety goggles confers complete protection while prescription eyeglasses confer partial protection. Further study is warranted.