Incidentally diagnosed post-cesarean vesicouterine fistula (Youssef’s syndrome)

Vesicouterine fistula (VUF) is a very rare occurrence and is estimated to occur in only 1–4% of all genitourinary fistulas; 90% of cases are Youssef syndrome, which is accompanied by amenorrhea and cyclic hematuria (menouria). In this article, a renal transplant donor who was incidentally diagnosed with Youssef syndrome 20 years after a second cesarean delivery.