Incidence of infertility in females and Evaluation of its Causes Using Ultrasonography

Infertility is a condition in which a woman is not able to conceive following 12 months of regular and unprotected intercourse. It is a major health issue that affects 186 million people worldwide. Objective: To determine the incidence and causes of infertility in females using ultrasound. Methods:  It is a cross-sectional study conducted in a private diagnostic Centre in Gujrat, Pakistan, over a period of 4 months. A sample size of 75 was calculated using a convenient approach after informed consent. Patients subjected to ultrasonography were married, diagnosed infertile women between 20–45 years. Patients with hysterectomy or congenital ovarian abnormalities were excluded. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The study showed that the incidence of infertility is higher in 20-25 age group and least in 41-45 age group. The majority of females 51(68%) had primary infertility while 24(32%) had secondary infertility. The majority of infertile women were from a moderate socioeconomic background. The common cause of infertility was due to submucosal fibroid 25(33.3%), hormonal imbalance in 16(21.3%) and PCOS in 14(18.17%). Conclusions: The study concluded that the incidence of infertility is highest in 20-25 age groups. Submucosal fibroid, hormonal imbalance, and PCOS are the most common causes of infertility in females.