Open AccessInfluenza-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: The pathogenic role of the virus
Author(s) -
Valeria Silecchia,
Gianluca D’Onofrio,
Enrico Valerio,
Giulia Rubin,
Enrico Vidal,
Luisa Murer
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
clinical nephrology - case studies
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2196-5293
DOI - 10.5414/cncs110219
Subject(s) - virology , atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome , medicine , virus , immunology , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , antibody , complement system
A 3-year-old girl came to our attention for fever and upper respiratory tract infection associated with thrombocytopenia, non-immune hemolytic anemia, and acute kidney injury (AKI). Complete blood count and renal function slowly normalized, with no need for dialysis. She was always normotensive with valid diuresis; her neurological status also rapidly improved. Nasal swab turned out positive for influenza A H1N1; stool test was negative for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). The patient was treated with oseltamivir for 5 days with a favorable outcome. Association between hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and H1N1 influenza is poorly reported in literature [1, 2, 3, 4]. The pathogenic role of the virus in causing HUS is still controversial and debated [1, 2, 3, 4]. In our patient, complement activity markers (serum C3 and C5b-9) alteration suggested a transient, virus-mediated complement activation.