Open AccessSignaling Pathways Involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Targets for New Therapeutic Interventions
Author(s) -
Abdul Haseeb Khan,
Attya Bhatti,
Shahıd Mahmood,
Anum Hubab Hashmi,
Naziha Khalid,
S. A. Bajwa,
Hafsa Waheed,
Nida Ali Syed,
Peter John
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
nust journal of natural sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2710-222X
pISSN - 2072-4659
DOI - 10.53992/njns.v3i1.21
Subject(s) - rheumatoid arthritis , signal transduction , chemokine , immunology , biology , disease , arthritis , signalling , cell type , medicine , autoimmune disease , inflammation , microbiology and biotechnology , cell , genetics , pathology , antibody
Rheumatoid arthritis is categorized as a systematic autoimmune disease which causes chronic disabilities exclusively in bones that are aligned with synovium. RA aetiology is still unknown but previous studies have coined that several number of factors play a significant role e.g. environmental and genetic factors. Cellular signalling pathways orchestrate the inflammatory response that regulates various cellular functions like cellular progression, proliferation, death and secretion of signalling molecules (pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines) in response to genetic and environmental stimuli. These regulatory pathways are tightly controlled Rheumatoid arthritis is categorized as a systematic autoimmune disease which causes chronic disabilities exclusively in bones that are aligned with synovium. RA aetiology is still unknown but previous studies have coined that several number of factors play a significant role e.g. environmental and genetic factors. Cellular signalling pathways orchestrate the inflammatory response that regulates various cellular functions like cellular progression, proliferation, death and secretion of signalling molecules (pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines) in response to genetic and environmental stimuli. These regulatory pathways are tightly controlled and naturally activated by ligands that attach to their respective receptors on the cell surface. In diseased state, these signalling pathways escape the normal control mechanisms, resulting in intensification of cytokines and chemokines, transcription factors and mediatory proteins that disrupt normal cell processes and might bring about auto-destructive consequences such as in the case of rheumatoid arthritis. The review highlights multiple levels of targeting molecules in signalling pathways that may be potential diagnostic markers and also attempts to underline potential therapeutic targets.and naturally activated by ligands that attach to their respective receptors on the cell surface. In diseased state, these signalling pathways escape the normal control mechanisms, resulting in intensification of cytokines and chemokines, transcription factors and mediatory proteins that disrupt normal cell processes and might bring about auto-destructive consequences such as in the case of rheumatoid arthritis. The review highlights multiple levels of targeting molecules in signalling pathways that may be potential diagnostic markers and also attempts to underline potential therapeutic targets.