Indagando aspectos evolutivos con filogenias: reloj molecular y otras técnicas útiles en biología comparada

The first step for evolutionary studies is usually to establish a hypothesis of relationships between members of the study group. After this, there is a wide range of possibilities depending on the researcher's interest. This contribution presents the generalities of some of the methodologies most commonly used in macroevolutionary studies: the molecular clock and the reconstruction of ancestral characters. Information on other useful techniques for comparative studies that use a phylogenetic framework is also presented, such as phylogenetic signal estimation, independent contrasts, orthonormal decomposition, and phylogenetic principal component analysis.