Open AccessAN UPDATE ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TYPE 2 DIABETES AND ALZHEIMER- A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Author(s) -
Juliana Almeida,
Fernanda Almeida
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
dementia and neuropsychologia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Conference proceedings
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.54
H-Index - 21
ISSN - 1980-5764
DOI - 10.5327/1980-5764.rpda076
Subject(s) - type 2 diabetes , dementia , medicine , disease , diabetes mellitus , alzheimer's disease , randomized controlled trial , inclusion and exclusion criteria , association (psychology) , metformin , gerontology , oncology , psychology , alternative medicine , endocrinology , pathology , psychotherapist
Background: The association of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), that is 6th cause of death in United States, have been long noted. The history of T2D increases the risk for AD by 50-200% and the 10 years risk in 10-30%, which is 25-35 times the general. Objective: To investigate findings of the last 5 years that directly correlate T2D with AD. Methods: Use of the PICO strategy, conducted on September 17, on PubMed using “Alzheimer disease” and “diabetes mellitus” as descriptors, identifying 14 articles, selecting 4 after screening. Inclusion criteria: clinical and randomized controlled trials with diabetic and Alzheimer patients, published on the last 5 years. Exclusion criteria: articles focused on medications. Results: Mexican Americans are more likely to evolve T2D, to have an earlier onset and severer forms of AD. Furthermore, cell-free mitochondrial DNA, common in diabetics, is related to cognitive impairment. Besides, metformin improves learning, memory and attention skills, and BG control is linked to longer survival time and an apparent delay of the dementia. Moreover, lower levels of plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) 40 and 42 were found when T2D and higher levels of Aβ42 have been found in people treated with insulin, but the Aβ levels meaning needs to be clarified. Conclusion: T2D is often related to lifestyle and AD to a genetic component. Anyhow, more studies are needed to clarify the meaning of these findings. Study limitations: few trials performed.