Open AccessGliomas: tumor markers and prognosis
Author(s) -
Rafaela Seixas Pinho,
Afonso Moraes Melo,
Rafael Silva Lemos,
Amanda da Silva Furtado,
Luís Eduardo Werneck de Carvalho
Publication year - 2021
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Conference proceedings
DOI - 10.5327/1516-3180.538
Subject(s) - isocitrate dehydrogenase , idh1 , idh2 , gene , oncology , medicine , microrna , chemotherapy , cancer research , biology , mutation , genetics , enzyme , biochemistry
Background: Gliomas are classified based from the molecular parameters involved in their pathogenesis, which influence their prognosis. The parameters are based on the mutation of the genes encoding the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2), on the codelection of the arms of chromosome 1p/19q and the promoting hypermethylation of the MGMT gene. Objectives: identify tumor markers related to gliomas and their prognostic values. Methods: integrative review of the literature based on pubmed, lilacs and scielo platforms. Articles published in English, Portuguese and Spanish between 2016 and 2021 were included. Articles that were not related to the theme were excluded from the analysis. Results: The IDH1 and 2 genes are traditional markers and mutations in these genes are associated with a better prognosis. The codeletion 1p/19q, on the other hand, is indicative of a more favorable prognosis when related to tumors without codeletion. MGMT gene hypermethylation has strong prognostic value in patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy with alkyl agentes, because the low expression of the MGMT gene allows better efficacy of the therapy, which would be prevented by the MGMT enzyme. The circulating marker microRNA – 221 (miRNA), obtained by less invasive techniques, is an indicator of poor prognosis, however, it has not yet obtained clinical validation for use. Conclusion: It is concluded that the tumor markers that indicate a better prognosis are the genes IDH-I and II, the codelection 1p / 19q and the hypermethylation of the MGMT gene. While miRNA showed a worse prognosis.