Brain skull traumatism: a neurological approach

Brain Cranium Trauma (TBI) is defined as any traumatic injury that causes an anatomical lesion or functional impairment of the scalp, skull, meninges, brain or its vessels. In the set of injuries from external causes, the TBI stands out in terms of magnitude and, above all, as a cause of death and disability. Objectives: Demonstrate basic and current concepts in relation to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of TBI. Methods: The present work is a narrative review of the literature in the PubMed, SciELO and CNBI databases. As search criteria, the following keywords were used: “traumatic brain injury”; “Semiology”; “Neurology” and articles, which were limited to a specific period of 5 years. Exclusion: case reports and inclusion: 12 articles. Results: The main causes of TBI are car accidents, falls, being run over, aggression and sports activities. It was observed that most victims of TBI have subgaleal hematoma (HS), followed by fractures. In mild and moderate TBI, the appearance of HS is more prevalent, 48.5%. In TBI, severe, the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage predominates with 71.1% of cases in the first study and 62.5% in the second. Conclusion: The main group affected by TCE are mostly male and young, this predominance is related to the increase in violence with firearms, alcoholism and high speeds in traffic. The elderly group is at risk due to their susceptibility to falls. Children are also prone due to lack of motor coordination, resulting in acidentes.