Open AccessAssociation between HIV infection and neurocognitive disorders: a review
Author(s) -
Rafael Rodrigues,
Ana Luiza Soares Henriques de Almeida,
Amanda Mansur Rosa,
Suelen Darlane Vieira,
Luciana Maria Campos e Silva,
Ana Catarini Lopes Baltazar,
Isabela Guedes,
Melina Efraim Vieira Pinto
Publication year - 2021
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Conference proceedings
DOI - 10.5327/1516-3180.150
Subject(s) - neurocognitive , life expectancy , dementia , medicine , neuropsychology , disease , asymptomatic , viral load , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , quality of life (healthcare) , cognition , clinical psychology , psychiatry , immunology , pathology , population , environmental health , nursing
Background: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are characterized by impairment in at least two cognitive domains with a prevalence of up to 50% in people living with HIV (PLHIV). HAND is subdivided into asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), mild neurocognitive disorder (MND) and HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Objectives: Demonstrate the impact of HAND and possible pathogenic mechanisms by relating them to the prevalence of subtypes Design and Setting: Review of the literature. Methods: Review made from PubMed with the descriptors “neurocognitive disorder”, “HIV”, “review”. Twelve articles were selected, among systematic reviews and meta-analysis published since 2017. Results: Before Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) HAD cases had a higher prevalence, probably due to the high viral load causing intense brain inflammation. Today the percentage of HAD has decreased, but the cases of ANI and MND continue to increase. HAART increases life expectancy and reduces viral load, but it may be related to the increase in ANI / MND associated with early brain aging and mild inflammatory processes resulting from primary infection. Conclusions: HAND is a concern for its impact on the quality of life and life expectancy of PLHIV. Therefore, neuropsychological assessment is an important tool for early diagnosis and disease management. The change in prevalence of different HAND subtypes raises doubts about the pathogenesis of these conditions and further studies are needed to elucidate this issue and develop therapeutic solutions.