Open AccessChronic myeloid leukemia-from the Philadelphia chromosome to specific target drugs: A literature review
Author(s) -
Mariana Miranda Sampaio,
Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos,
Hanna Santos Marques,
Vinícius Lima de Souza Gonçalves,
Glauber Rocha Lima Araújo,
Luana Weber Lopes,
Jonathan Santos Apolonio,
Camilo Santana Silva,
Luana Kauany de Sá Santos,
Beatriz Rocha Cuzzuol,
Quézia Estéfani Silva Guimarães,
Mariaovaes Santos,
Breno Bittencourt de Brito,
Filipe Antônio França da Silva,
Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira,
Cláudio Lima Souza,
Fabrício Freire de Melo
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
world journal of clinical oncology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2218-4333
DOI - 10.5306/wjco.v12.i2.69
Subject(s) - medicine , myeloid leukemia , philadelphia chromosome , context (archaeology) , targeted therapy , cancer research , imatinib , tyrosine kinase , nilotinib , myeloproliferative neoplasm , immunology , oncology , bone marrow , cancer , chromosomal translocation , biology , genetics , myelofibrosis , paleontology , gene , receptor
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm and was the first neoplastic disease associated with a well-defined genotypic anomaly - the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. The advances in cytogenetic and molecular assays are of great importance to the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and monitoring of CML. The discovery of the breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-Abelson murine leukemia (ABL) 1 fusion oncogene has revolutionized the treatment of CML patients by allowing the development of targeted drugs that inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL oncoprotein. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (known as TKIs) are the standard therapy for CML and greatly increase the survival rates, despite adverse effects and the odds of residual disease after discontinuation of treatment. As therapeutic alternatives, the subsequent TKIs lead to faster and deeper molecular remissions; however, with the emergence of resistance to these drugs, immunotherapy appears as an alternative, which may have a cure potential in these patients. Against this background, this article aims at providing an overview on CML clinical management and a summary on the main targeted drugs available in that context.