دراسة تلوث الهواء في المناطق المحيطة بمصفاة بانياس في الجمهورية العربية السورية

Banias Refinery discharges every day from its chimneys very large amounts of gases that form pollutants which has direct effect on the air leading to its deviation from the natural composition. Starting from the target put under research, the following pollutants were surveyed: Sulfur dioxide gas (SO2), which is considered as the most important pollutants discharging and mainly resulting from the burning of the petroleum products, operations of oil excavation, derivation, gathering and purification.(SO2) affects directly on human health upon reaching the tissues of the lungs. It also affects environment in general as it helps in forming acidic rains and by their turn affect the water resources and the soil.Carbon monoxide gas, which results from the incomplete burning operations, affects directly human beings upon to its dissolution in blood hemoglobin.It affects environment as it reacts with water to form Carbon acid (HCO3) and which affects by its turn water and soil.Nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2), resulting from the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen in high temperatures during the operations of burning of different kinds of fuels. Nitrogen oxides have a great effect on human beings. It also affects the environment in general as it helps in forming acidic rains, therefore affecting the water, plant and soil resources. The level of these gases were measured in three different sites around the refinery, which are : Al-Roman Hotel located to the west of the refinery, Abtelah, located to the north east of the refinery and Dair Al-Beshel, located on the primary line of the eastern hills surrounding the refinery.The observation operation of each of the aforementioned three sites was performed during the four seasons of the year, and Drager Gas Detector instrument was used for this purpose. The results were listed into special charts and were laid on graphs made for this purpose.The standard specifications issued by the Arab Syrian Standards and Specifications Organization were adopted as a reference for comparing the results and to know the extent of air pollution in those areas.We reached the following results:The air in Abtelah and Dair Al-Beshel is polluted due to the high concentrations of (NO2) and (CO) gases above the permissible averages and which was determined by the Syrian Specifications and Standards Organization. This is because these areas are influenced by the western and southwestern winds which are predominant during the most times of the year.It is suggested that to find the suitable solutions as soon as possible in order to reduce the rates of pollution resulting from the pollution of the air of the areas surrounding the refinery with the gases discharged around the year in order to perform valid arrangements and measures and especially the areas located to the east and northeast of the refinery.