Open AccessDrinking Water Quality in Urban Areas of Pakistan: A Case Study of Gujranwala City
Author(s) -
Sajjad Haydar,
Obaidullah Nadeem,
Ghulam Hussain,
Haroon Rashid,
Rashid Majeed
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research. series a: physical sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.136
H-Index - 4
eISSN - 2223-2559
pISSN - 2221-6413
DOI - 10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.59.3.2016.157.166
Subject(s) - sewerage , environmental science , water quality , environmental engineering , contamination , drainage , heavy metals , groundwater , environmental chemistry , engineering , chemistry , geotechnical engineering , ecology , biology
A study was conducted to evaluate the drinking water quality of Gujranwala city. Samples were collected from 16 locations including: 4 tube wells, 4 overhead reservoirs (OHR) and 8 house connections. Twelve physicochemical and two bacteriological parameters were tested, before and after monsoon and compared with National Standards for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). The results demonstrated that most of the physicochemical parameters, except lead, nickle and chromium were within NSDWQ before and after monsoon. Bacteriological and heavy metal contamination was found before and after the monsoon. Possible reasons of contamination are: no disinfection, old and leaking water pipes, poor drainage duringmonsoon and possible cross connections between water and sewerage lines. It is recommended to practice disinfection, laying of water and sewerage pipes on opposite sides of streets and periodic water quality monitoring.