Open AccessPersonal monitoring of lead and cadmium exposure--a Swedish study with special reference to methodological aspects.
Author(s) -
Marie Vahter,
Marika Berglund,
Birger Lind,
Lars Jorhem,
S. A. Slorach,
Lars Friberg
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of work, environment and health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.621
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1795-990X
pISSN - 0355-3140
DOI - 10.5271/sjweh.1732
Subject(s) - cadmium , feces , lead (geology) , environmental chemistry , environmental science , toxicology , zoology , chemistry , biology , ecology , paleontology , organic chemistry
Methods for determining personal exposure to lead and cadmium were tested in Stockholm in 1988. Lead and cadmium in breathing-zone air, 24-h duplicate diets, and feces of 15 nonsmoking women (27-46 years of age) were studied. Blood was collected at the beginning of and immediately after the test period (seven consecutive days). An extensive quality assurance program was included. Most technical problems were encountered in the 24-h collection of airborne particles. The pumps were noisy, and the batteries had to be recharged every 6-8 h. The lead and cadmium levels in feces were found to be useful indicators of the total ingested amounts of these metals. Because of the large day-to-day variation in the dietary intake of lead and cadmium, the sampling period for duplicate diets and feces should be at least 5-6 d.